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De-Sukarnoization, also spelled de-Soekarnoization, was a purging policy that existed in Indonesia from the
De-Sukarnoization, also spelled de-Soekarnoization, was a purging policy that existed in Indonesia from the transition to the New Order
Indonesia's transition to the New Order in the mid-1960s ousted the country's first president, Sukarno, after 22 years in the position. One of the most tumultuous periods in the country's modern history, it was the commencement of Suharto's ...
in 1966 up to the beginning of the Reformation era
The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...
in 1998, in which President Suharto
Suharto (; ; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian army officer and politician, who served as the second and the longest serving president of Indonesia. Widely regarded as a military dictator by international observers, Suharto ...
intended to defame his predecessor Sukarno
Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967.
Sukarno was the leader of ...
as well as lessen his presence and downplay his role in Indonesian history
The history of Indonesia has been shaped by geographic position, its natural resources, a series of human migrations and contacts, wars of conquest, the spread of Islam from the island of Sumatra in the 7th century AD and the establishment of ...
.
History
In 1965, Sukarno still enjoyed the Indonesian people's sympathy, but for Suharto to take that place, he had to downplay Sukarno's importance to the Indonesians. The de-Sukarnoization process started in 1967 after the ProvisionalPeople's Consultative Assembly
The People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, MPR-RI) is the legislative branch in Politics of Indonesia, Indonesia's political system. It is composed of the membe ...
(MPRS) stripped Sukarno of his presidential powers and put him under house arrest
In justice and law, house arrest (also called home confinement, home detention, or, in modern times, electronic monitoring) is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to their residence. Travel is usually restricted, if all ...
. While in custody, Sukarno was denied access to health care
Health care or healthcare is the improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people. Health care is delivered by health profe ...
, which led to his death in 1970. Suharto denied Sukarno's request to be buried in Istana Batu Tulis in Bogor
Bogor ( su, , nl, Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.Blitar
Blitar is a landlocked city in East Java, Indonesia, about 73 km from Malang and 167 km from Surabaya. The area lies within longitude 111° 40' – 112° 09' East and its latitude is 8° 06' South. The city of Blitar lies at an altitude ...
, a city that former governor said as his birthplace. Suharto is said to have feared that if his predecessor's grave had been located in Bogor it could become a focal point for fomenting opposition to his New Order.
The New Order renamed many places that had been named after Sukarno: Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex
Bung Karno Sports Arena ( id, Kompleks Gelanggang Olahraga Bung Karno, known as Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex), formerly named Senayan Sports Arena ( id, Gelanggang Olahraga Senayan) from 1969 to 2001 and Asian Games Complex ( id, Kompleks Asi ...
was renamed the "Senayan Sports Complex", the Bung Karno Bridge () was renamed Ampera Bridge
Ampera Bridge ( id, Jembatan Ampera, for andate of People's Suffering a now-rarely used colloquial name for the preamble of the Constitution of Indonesia), formerly Bung Karno Bridge ( id, Jembatan Bung Karno, after President Sukarno) between i ...
; the city "Sukarnapura" (Sukarno City) was renamed "Jayapura
Jayapura (formerly Dutch: ''Hollandia'') is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of Papua. It is situated on the northern coast of New Guinea island and covers an area of . The city borders the Pacific Ocean and Yos Sudarso ...
" and "Puncak Sukarno" (Sukarno Peak) was renamed "Puncak Jaya
Puncak Jaya (; literally "Glorious Peak") or Carstensz Pyramid, Mount Jayawijaya or Mount Carstensz () on the island of New Guinea, with an elevation of , is the list of islands by highest point, highest mountain peak of an island on Earth. Th ...
". The only monument that was renamed back to the original name after the fall of Suharto
Suharto resigned as President of Indonesia on 21 May 1998 following the collapse of support for his 32-year long presidency. Vice President B. J. Habibie took over the presidency.
Suharto's grip on power weakened following severe economic and ...
was the Senayan Sports Complex, whereas the latter places retained the names given during the New Order.
Other efforts to reduce Sukarno's influence included denying his major contribution in creating the Indonesian national ideology, '' Pancasila''. Military historian Nugroho Notosusanto
Brigadier General Raden Panji Nugroho Notosusanto (15 July 1930 – 3 June 1985) was an Indonesian short story writer turned military historian who served as professor of history at the University of Indonesia. Born to a noble family in Cent ...
instead posed that Mohammad Yamin
Mohammad Yamin (24 August 1903 – 17 October 1962) was an Indonesians, Indonesian poet, politician and National Hero of Indonesia, national hero who played a key role in the writing of the draft preamble to the Constitution of Indonesia, 1945 c ...
came up first with the principles of ''Pancasila'', while Sukarno was merely the first to use the term. This interpretation was supported by the New Order government and became the official historical interpretation taught at schools.
References
{{Reflist History of Indonesia New Order (Indonesia) Political and cultural purges Sukarno