Dayang Kalangitan (

Baybayin (, ''pre-kudlít'': , ''virama-krus-kudlít'': , ''virama-pamudpod'': ; also formerly commonly incorrectly known as alibata) is a Philippine script. The script is an abugida belonging to the family of the Brahmic scripts. Geographically, it ...

: ᜃᜎᜅᜒᜆᜈ᜔ , Abecedario: ''Cálan͠gúitán'') (r. 1450–ca. 1515) is a legendary figure in

early Philippine history Early may refer to: History * The beginning or oldest part of a defined historical period, as opposed to middle or late periods, e.g.: ** Early Christianity ** Early modern Europe Places in the United States * Early, Iowa * Early, Texas * Early ...

who was said to be '' Dayang'' of the pre-Hispanic Indianized polity of

Pasig Pasig, officially the City of Pasig ( fil, Lungsod ng Pasig), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 803,159 people. It is located along the ...

. She was

co-regent A coregency is the situation where a monarchical position (such as prince, princess, king, queen, emperor or empress), normally held by only a single person, is held by two or more. It is to be distinguished from diarchies or duumvirates s ...

of Pasig with her husband, Rajah Lontok, and later sole ruler of their realms. She is one of the very few known female leaders in precolonial Philippine history. She ruled Pasig from her seat of power in Bitukang Manók. Her children are ''Dayang'' Panginoan, ''Dayang'' Lahat, Rajah Salalila of

Maynila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populated ...

and ''Gat'' Kahiya.

Life

Dayang Kalangitan was married to '' Gat'' Lontok, (later Rajah Lontok) of Tondo. Together with her husband, Kalangitan established a small kingdom upstream to the east of Tondo around the ''Bitukang Manók'' (today Parian Creek in

). Sometime around 1450, she became sole ruler of both Tondo, which included Bitukang Manók, the place she had established with her husband. In order to consolidate power, her daughter

Dayang Panginoan Dayang may refer to: * Dayang (honorific), a Bruneian honorific * a dialect of Sema language, a Sino-Tibetan language * Dayang Jingxuan, a Buddhist monk during Song Dynasty of China * Dayang Island, an island in Johor, Malaysia * Dayang newt, a spec ...

, was married to

Prince Balagtas A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. ...

, the son of

Empress Sasaban In oral traditions associated with the early history of the Tagalog people, Empress Sasaban or Dayang Sasaban (Baybayin: ᜐᜐᜊᜈ᜔ , Javanese: ꦱꦼꦒꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀) is said to have been a 14th Century noblewoman (Dayang) of the Tagalo ...

of Namayan. However, at around 1500, the

Sultanate of Brunei This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continu ...

made an attack on the Kingdom of Tondo and established the Kingdom of Maynila and put Kalangitan's son, Salalila as the monarch of Maynila. Dayang Kalangitan's son Salalila succeeded her as monarch; after converting to

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the ...

, he adopted his more famous name,

Sulaiman Sulaiman is an English transliteration of the Arabic name that means "peaceful" and corresponds to the Jewish name Hebrew: שְׁלֹמֹה‎, Shlomoh) and the English Solomon (/ˈsɒləmən/) . Solomon was the scriptural figure who was king of ...

. Tondo and Maynila became separate kingdoms after Salalila. Tondo was ruled by Salalila's eldest son, Lakan Dula and Maynila by Rajah Matanda and Rajah Sulayman. Namayan came under the rule of Rajah Kalamayin.

In popular media

literature

* Kalangitan is a

novel A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, typically written in prose and published as a book. The present English word for a long work of prose fiction derives from the for "new", "news", or "short story of something new", itself ...

written by A.F. Eleazar. The plot revolves around a princess named ''Kalangitan'', who became the Queen regnant of Namayan, Tondo, and on her realm at Bitukang Manok, which is the seat of power. As described on the novel, Kalangitan is the most powerful woman in the Maisung at the time of her reign. The novel tackled the history of pre-Hispanic Philippines and the tradition of monogamy, justice system, culture and social norms. The main gist of the novel is about feminism during the pre-colonial era as it shows on the way it was written. It also explore the genre of

Philippine mythology Philippine mythology is the body of stories and epics originating from, and part of, the indigenous Philippine folk religions, which include various ethnic faiths distinct from one another. Philippine mythology is incorporated from various ...

, epic and legends. It also contains allegories and sublimal messages as seen on the succeeding chapters of the book. The story was set in

Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populated ...

during 1450 AD.

References

{{s-end Filipino datus, rajas and sultans History of the Philippines (900–1565) 15th-century women rulers 16th-century women rulers

Life

In popular media

literature

See also

References