Daviesia

''Daviesia'', commonly known as bitter-peas, is a genus of about 130 species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, and is endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus ''Daviesia'' are shrubs or small trees with leaves modified as phyllodes or reduced to scales. The flowers are arranged singly or in groups, usually in leaf axils, the sepals joined at the base with five teeth, the petals usually yellowish with reddish markings and the fruit a pod.

Description

Plants in the genus ''Daviesia'' are shrubs or small trees with their leaves modified as phyllodes that are often sharply-pointed, or have leaves reduced to scales with the stems modified as cladodes. The flowers are usually arranged in leaf axils, either singly or in clusters or racemes with bracts sometimes present on the peduncles, pedicels or flowering stems. The sepals are joined at the base to form a bell-shaped tube with five teeth, the two upper teeth usually wider and the petals are usually yellowish with reddish markings, the standard petal more or less round with a notch at the top and often shorter than the wings and keel. The fruit is a more or less flattened pod containing one or two seeds, each with an aril on the end.

The roots of many ''Daviesia'' species have a mode of secondary thickening in which successive arch-like
cambia arise outside the roots of the previous season, creating rope-like structures
on the roots. Like other genera in their family, ''Daviesia'' species have nitrogen-fixing bacteria contained in root nodules.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Daviesia'' was first formally described in 1798 by James Edward Smith in '' Transactions of the Linnean Society of London''. The genus is named in honour of Hugh Davies, a Welsh botanist.

Distribution

Species of ''Daviesia'' are found in all states and mainland territories of Australia, but the majority occur in Western Australia.

Species list

The following is a list of ''Daviesia'' species accepted by the Australian Plant Census :

* '' Daviesia abnormis'' F.Muell. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia acicularis'' Sm. – sharp bitter-pea (N.S.W., Qld., A.C.T.)
* '' Daviesia alata'' Sm. (N.S.W.)
* '' Daviesia alternifolia'' Endl. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia anceps'' Turcz. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia angulata'' Benth. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia aphylla'' F.Muell. ex Benth. (W.A., S.A.)
* '' Daviesia apiculata'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia arborea'' W.Hill – golden pea, bitterleaf pea (Qld., N.S.W.)
* '' Daviesia arenaria'' Crisp – sandhill bitter-pea (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
* '' Daviesia argillacea'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia arthropoda'' F.Muell. (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld.)
* '' Daviesia articulata'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia asperula'' Crisp (S.A.)
** ''Daviesia asperula'' Crisp subsp. ''asperula''
** ''Daviesia asperula'' subsp. ''obliqua'' Crisp
* '' Daviesia audax'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia benthamii'' Meisn. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia brachyphylla'' Meisn. (W.A.
* '' Daviesia brevifolia'' Lindl. – leafless bitter-pea (S.A., Vic.)
* '' Daviesia bursarioides'' Crisp – Three Springs daviesia (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia buxifolia'' Benth. – box-leaf bitter-pea (N.S.W., Vic.)
* '' Daviesia campephylla'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia cardiophylla'' F.Muell. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia chapmanii'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia cordata'' Sm. – bookleaf (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia corymbosa'' Sm. – narrow leaf bitter-pea (N.S.W.)
* '' Daviesia costata'' Cheel (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia crassa'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia crenulata'' Turcz. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia croniniana'' F.Muell. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia cunderdin'' Crisp & G.Chandler – Cunderdin daviesia (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia daphnoides'' Meisn. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia debilior'' Crisp (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia debilior'' Crisp subsp. ''debilior'' (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia debilior''subsp. ''sinuans'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia decipiens'' ( E.Pritz.) Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia decurrens'' Meisn. – prickly bitter-pea (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia decurrens'' Meisn. subsp. ''decurrens'' (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia decurrens'' subsp. ''hamata'' (Crisp) Crisp & G.Chandler (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia devito'' Crisp & L.G.Cook (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
* '' Daviesia dielsii'' E.Pritz. – Diels' daviesia (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia dilatata'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia discolor'' Pedley (Qld.)
* '' Daviesia divaricata'' Benth. – marno (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia divaricata'' Benth. subsp. ''divaricata'' (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia divaricata'' subsp. ''lanulosa'' Crisp & G.Chandler (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia elliptica'' Crisp – wild hops (Qld., N.S.W.)
* ''Daviesia elliptica'' Crisp × ''Daviesia mimosoides'' R.Br. subsp. ''mimosoides'' (Qld.)
* '' Daviesia elongata'' Benth. (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia elongata'' Benth. subsp. ''elongata'' (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia emarginata'' ( Miq.) Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia epiphyllum'' Meisn. – staghorn bush (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia eremaea'' Crisp (W.A., N.T.)
* '' Daviesia euphorbioides'' Benth. (W.A.) – Wongan cactus
* '' Daviesia eurylobos'' Crisp & G.Chandler (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia filipes'' Benth. (Qld.)
** ''Daviesia filipes'' Benth. subsp. ''filipes'' (Qld.)
** ''Daviesia filipes'' subsp. ''terminalis'' Crisp & G.Chandler (Qld.)
* '' Daviesia flava'' Pedley (Qld.)
* '' Daviesia flexuosa'' Benth. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia genistifolia'' A.Cunn. ex Benth. – broom bitter-pea (S.A., Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
* '' Daviesia glossosema'' Crisp – maroon-flowered daviesia (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia gracilis'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia grahamii'' Ewart & Jean White (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia grossa'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia hakeoides'' Meisn. (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia hakeoides'' Meisn. subsp. ''hakeoides''
** ''Daviseia hakeoides'' subsp. ''subnuda'' Crisp
* '' Daviesia horrida'' Preiss ex Meisn. – prickly bitter-pea (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia implexa'' (Crisp) Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia incrassata'' Sm. (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia incrassata'' Sm. subsp. ''incrassata''
** ''Daviesia incrassata'' subsp. ''reversifolia'' (F.Muell.) Crisp
** ''Daviesia incrassata'' subsp. ''teres'' Crisp
* '' Daviesia inflata'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia intricata'' Crisp (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia intricata'' Crisp subsp. ''intricata''
** ''Daviesia intricata'' subsp. ''xiphophylla'' Crisp
* '' Daviesia laevis'' Crisp (Vic.)
* '' Daviesia lancifolia'' Turcz. (W.A)
* '' Daviesia latifolia'' R.Br. – hop bitter-pea (Qld., N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)
* '' Daviesia laxiflora'' ( J.H.Willis) Crisp (Vic.)
* '' Daviesia leptophylla'' A.Cunn. ex G.Don – narrow-leaf bitter-pea (S.A., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
* '' Daviesia lineata'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia localis'' Hislop (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia longifolia'' Benth. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia major'' (Benth.) Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia megacalyx'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia mesophylla'' Ewart (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia microcarpa'' Crisp – Norseman pea (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia microphylla'' Benth. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia mimosoides'' R.Br. – blunt-leaf bitter-pea, narrow-leaf bitter pea, leafy bitter-pea (Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
** ''Daviesia mimosoides'' subsp. ''acris'' Crisp (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
** ''Daviesia mimosoides'' R.Br. subsp. ''mimosoides'' (Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
* '' Daviesia mollis'' Turcz. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia nematophylla'' F.Muell. ex Benth. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia newbeyi'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia nova-anglica'' Crisp (N.S.W.)
* '' Daviesia nudiflora'' Meisn. (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia nudiflora'' subsp. ''amplectens'' Crisp
** ''Daviesia nudiflora'' subsp. ''drummondii'' (Meisn.) Crisp
** ''Daviesia nudiflora'' subsp. ''hirtella'' Crisp
** ''Daviesia nudiflora'' Meisn. subsp. ''nudiflora''
* '' Daviesia obovata'' Turcz. – paddle-leaf daviesia (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia oppositifolia'' Endl. – rattle-pea (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia ovata'' Benth. – broad-leaf daviesia (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia oxyclada'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia oxylobium'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia pachyloma'' Turcz. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia pachyphylla'' F.Muell. – ouch bush (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia pauciflora'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia pectinata'' Lindl. – thorny bitter-pea (S.A., Vic.)
* '' Daviesia pedunculata'' Benth. ex Lindl. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia physodes'' A.Cunn. ex G.Don (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia pleurophylla'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia podophylla'' Crisp – buggery bush (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia polyphylla'' Benth. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia preissii'' Meisn. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia pseudaphylla'' Crisp – Stirling Range daviesia (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia pteroclada'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia pubigera'' A.Cunn. ex Benth. (N.S.W.)
* '' Daviesia purpurascens'' Crisp – purple-leaved daviesia (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia quadrilatera'' Benth. – buggery bush (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia quoquoversus'' Crisp (Qld.)
* '' Daviesia ramosissima'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia reclinata'' A.Cunn. ex Benth. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia retrorsa'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia rhizomata'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia rhombifolia'' Meisn. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia rubiginosa'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia sarissa'' Crisp (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia sarissa'' subsp. ''redacta'' Crisp
** ''Daviesia sarissa'' Crisp subsp. ''sarissa'' Crisp
* '' Daviesia scoparia'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia sarissa'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia scabrella'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia schwarzenegger'' Crisp & L.G.Cook (N.S.W., Vic., S.A.)
* '' Daviesia scoparia'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia sejugata'' G. Chandler & Crisp (S.A., Tas.)
* '' Daviesia smithiorum'' Crisp (W.A.)
* ''Daviesia'' sp. Calliope (N.Gibson TOI308) Qld Herbarium (Qld.)
* '' Daviesia speciosa'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia spinosissima'' Meisn. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia spiralis'' Crisp – spiral-leaved daviesia (W.A.)
* ''Daviesia'' sp. Isla Gorge (K.R.McDonald KRM231) Qld Herbarium (Qld.)
* '' Daviesia squarrosa'' Sm. (Qld., N.S.W.)
* '' Daviesia striata'' Turcz. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia stricta'' Crisp (S.A.)
* '' Daviesia suaveolens'' Crisp (N.S.W.)
* '' Daviesia subulata'' Crisp & G.Chandler (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia teretifolia'' R.Br. ex Benth. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia tortuosa'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia triflora'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia trigonophylla'' Meisn. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia ulicifolia'' Andrews – gorse bitter-pea (W.A., S.A., Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Tas.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. ''aridicola'' G.Chandler & Crisp
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. Bybera (C.T.White 12612) Qld Herbarium (Qld.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. ''incarnata'' G.Chandler & Crisp (S.A.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. ''pilligensis'' G.Chandler & Crisp (N.S.W.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. ''ruscifolia'' (A.Cunn. ex Benth.) G.Chandler & Crisp (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. ''stenophylla'' G.Chandler & Crisp (Qld., N.S.W.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. ''stenophylla'' G.Chandler & Crisp × ''Daviesia wyattiana'' F.M.Bailey (Qld.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' Andrews subsp. ''ulicifolia'' (S.A., Qld., N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. Warwick (K.R.McDonald KRM107) Qld Herbarium (Qld.)
* '' Daviesia umbellulata'' Sm. (Qld., N.S.W.)
* '' Daviesia umbonata'' G. Chandler & Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia uncinata'' Crisp (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia uniflora'' D.A.Herb. (W.A.)
* '' Daviesia villifera'' A.Cunn. ex Benth. (Qld., N.S.W.)
* '' Daviesia wyattiana'' F.M.Bailey – long-leaf bitter-pea (Qld., N.S.W., Vic.)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1308605

Mirbelioids
Fabaceae genera
Flora of Australia