Dara Jingga, was one of the

Malay Malay may refer to: Languages * Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore ** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century ** Indonesi ...

Dharmasraya Dharmasraya, is the capital of the 11th century Buddhist polity known as Melayu Kingdom, based on the Batanghari river system in modern-day West Sumatra and Jambi, on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia.J.L.A. Brandes, 1902, ''Nāgarakrětāgama; ...

princess who was intended to be betrothed to Javanese King Kertanegara of

Singasari Singhasari ( jv, ꦏꦫꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦔ꧀ꦲꦱꦫꦶ, translit=Karaton Singhasari or , id, Kerajaan Singasari) was a Javanese Hindu kingdom located in east Java between 1222 and 1292. The kingdom succeeded the Kingdom of Kediri as ...

after the Pamalayu expedition 1275–1293. Dara Jingga was the older sister of Dara Petak, the consort of Kertarajasa Jayawardhana, King of

Majapahit Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was ba ...

. She married Adwayabrahma (''Rakryan Mahamantri''), and the mother of Adityawarman, later become the king of her native kingdom Dharmasraya in Sumatra. The name ''Dara Jingga'' in old Malay means "scarlet dove".

Early life

Dara Jingga was the daughter of King Srimat Tribhuwanaraja Mauliawarmadewa of

Kingdom in Sumatra, and was sent to Java to be betrothed to Singhasari King. This Sumatran kingdom once formed an alliance with

Singhasari Singhasari ( jv, ꦏꦫꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦔ꧀ꦲꦱꦫꦶ, translit=Karaton Singhasari or , id, Kerajaan Singasari) was a Javanese Hindu kingdom located in east Java between 1222 and 1292. The kingdom succeeded the Kingdom of Kediri as ...

possibly in order to face the Mongol invasion. According to '' Pararaton'', ten days after the expulsion of Mongol forces from Java, the Pamalayu expedition led by Mahisa Anabrang returned to Java. The expedition was sent by Singhasari King Kertanegara in 1275 to conquer

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

militarily and diplomatically. The returning Javanese troops brought two Malay princesses, two siblings Dara Jingga and Dara Petak to be presented for Kertanagara. The two princesses was originally intended for Kertanagara, however because the Singhasari King has died, his heir

Raden Wijaya Raden Wijaya or Raden Vijaya (also known as Nararya Sangramawijaya, regnal name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana) (reigned 1293–1309) was a Javanese emperor, and the founder and first monarch of the Majapahit Empire.Slamet Muljana, 2005, ''Runtuhny ...

took Dara Petak in hand of marriage instead. According to Pararaton, Dara Jingga was mentioned as ''sira alaki dewa'' — she who has husband named dewa — refer to Adwayawarman, highly likely to be one of the participating Singhasari officials (Dyah Adwayabrahma from Padang Roco inscription) in Pamalayu expedition that brought Amoghapasa statue to

. He was sometimes also identified as Mahisa Anabrang, the leader of Pamalayu expedition, as he bore the high ranking title of ''rakryan mahamentri'', although this hypothesis need further evidences. According to '' Pararaton'', Dara Jingga lived in Majapahit capital city and bore a son Tuhanku Janaka that became Malay king in Sumatra with title Mantrolot Warmadewa, identified as Adityawarman.

Return to Sumatra

After lived for some period in Majapahit, Dara Jingga returned to her homeland, Dharmasraya kingdom in Sumatra. She probably came back to accompany her son, Adityawarman, appointed by Majapahit King as the ruler of Sumatra under protection of Majapahit

mandala A mandala ( sa, मण्डल, maṇḍala, circle, ) is a geometric configuration of symbols. In various spiritual traditions, mandalas may be employed for focusing attention of practitioners and adepts, as a spiritual guidance tool, for e ...

. In Sumatra, Dara Jingga holds important position, according to Minangkabau Tambo (chronicle), Dara Jingga is identified as the first Bundo Kanduang, the matriarch of Minangkabau society.

References

{{Reflist * Poesponegoro & Notosusanto (ed.). 1990. ''Sejarah Nasional Indonesia Jilid II''. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. * Slamet Muljana. 2005. ''Menuju Puncak Kemegahan'' (terbitan ulang 1965). Yogyakarta: LKIS * Slamet Muljana. 1979. ''Nagarakretagama dan Tafsir Sejarahnya''. Jakarta: Bhratara Majapahit Malay people 13th-century Indonesian women