''Danmono'' ( ja, 段物) is a traditional

Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

style of instrumental music for the

koto Koto may refer to: * Koto (band), an Italian synth pop group * Koto (instrument), a Japanese musical instrument * Koto (kana), a ligature of two Japanese katakana * Koto (traditional clothing), a traditional dress made by Afro-Surinamese women * K ...

. The few pieces of its repertoire were mostly composed and developed in the seventeenth century, and all follow a strict form of composition.

Musical style

Each danmono piece consists of a number of movements, or variations ("dan" in Japanese means "step"). Each dan consists of 104 beats, except for the first. The first dan is preceded by a four or eight-beat introduction, called kandō. The few pieces that make up the danmono repertoire are all very similar in musical style. Listeners unfamiliar with the danmono style have trouble distinguishing one piece from another. The reason for the strong similarities between the danmono pieces is that originality was unusual for seventeenth- and eighteenth-century

Japanese composers This is a list of Japanese composers, ordered by birth date. Not true actually: * Zeami Motokiyo (1363-1443) * Yatsuhashi Kengyo (1614–1685) * Uragami Gyokudō (1745-1820) * Hiromori Hayashi (1831–1896) * Nakao Tozan (1876-1956) Shōka, ...

. Each danmono piece begins slowly, and gradually increases in tempo. At the very end of the piece the tempo decreases, and it ends slowly.

Repertoire

The danmono repertoire consists of eight pieces, developed primarily during the seventeenth century. The titles of the pieces denote the number of dan they consist of: "" ("five dan"), "" ("six dan"), "" ("seven dan"), "" ("eight dan"), "" ("nine dan"), and "" ("nine dan in hon-kumoijoshi"). Another piece, "", is traditionally classified as , but does not follow the same strict form of musical composition as the others. "" is also referred to as "" ("ten dan") in the Ikuta ryu school, or "" ("twelve dan") in the Yamada ryu school. The introduction of "Aki kaze no kyoku" by Mitsuzaki Kengyo was composed in the danmono form, and is also considered to be part of its repertoire. Aside from this last piece, the authorship of the danmono repertoire is disputed among historical sources. The table below shows the possible composers according to various sources. ;Source abbreviations: *ST: (1779) *BGT: (1812) *KK: (1822) *KZ: (1941) Although not considered part of the danmono repertoire, a forerunner of the danmono style was "", published by Nakamura Sōzan in ' in 1664. The publication was aimed at the general population rather than professional musicians.

References

;Notes ;Bibliography * * {{Music of Japan Japanese styles of music