Dabang
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A dabang is a
Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...
n establishment that primarily serves
coffee Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulant, stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world. S ...
,
tea Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of '' Camellia sinensis'', an evergreen shrub native to East Asia which probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern China and northe ...
, and other non-alcoholic beverages. Other words for dabang include
coffee house A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café is an establishment that primarily serves coffee of various types, notably espresso, latte, and cappuccino. Some coffeehouses may serve cold drinks, such as iced coffee and iced tea, as well as other non- ...
, coffee shop, , , and . The word dabang can also refer to coffee shops like
Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is an American multinational chain of coffeehouses and roastery reserves headquartered in Seattle, Washington. It is the world's largest coffeehouse chain. As of November 2021, the company had 33,833 stores in 80 c ...
. Starbucks is referred to as (
Hangul The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, . Hangul may also be written as following South Korea's standard Romanization. ( ) in South Korea and Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea, is the modern official writing system for the Korean language. The let ...
: 별다방), from 'byeol', a Korean word for 'star'.


History

As Korea became more exposed to western culture in the late period of the
Joseon Dynasty Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...
and the
Korean Empire The Korean Empire () was a Korean monarchical state proclaimed in October 1897 by Emperor Gojong of the Joseon dynasty. The empire stood until Japan's annexation of Korea in August 1910. During the Korean Empire, Emperor Gojong oversaw the Gwa ...
, ''dabang-''like establishments began to emerge. The dabang was the origin of the tea ceremony. It is said that Dado was established in East Asian countries during the 8th and 9th centuries. In Korea, Dado culture was underdeveloped compared to
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
and
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
, as there was no Dado culture for the common people. However, Dado culture was institutionalized at the national level. According to literature, there was a place where tea was drunk in the Unified Silla period called Daejeon Won (Tea 院), and the term "tea room" appeared in the Goryeo period. In the
Goryeo Dynasty Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unificati ...
, the national government took charge of tea, liquor, fruit, etc. In the Joseon Dynasty, there was a treaty encompassing these traditions that were connected to traditional ceremonies for the ancestors, and the tea ceremony was used during the reception for welcoming foreign envoys. The cafés affiliated with Daebul and Steward hotels established by foreigners in
Incheon Incheon (; ; or Inch'ŏn; literally "kind river"), formerly Jemulpo or Chemulp'o (제물포) until the period after 1910, officially the Incheon Metropolitan City (인천광역시, 仁川廣域市), is a city located in northwestern South Kore ...
became pioneering dabang. However, ''dabang'' with modern functions and styles appeared after the March 1st Movement (
Hangul The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, . Hangul may also be written as following South Korea's standard Romanization. ( ) in South Korea and Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea, is the modern official writing system for the Korean language. The let ...
: 3.1 운동) in 1919. The first hotel-style ''dabang'' of
Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 ...
was housed inside Sontag Hotel, built in the neighborhood of
Jeong-dong Jeong-dong is a legal '' dong'', or neighbourhood of the Jung-gu district in Seoul, South Korea and governed by its administrative dong, Sogong-dong. It is an historical area with Deoksu Palace from the Joseon Dynasty and some of Korea's first m ...
, Seoul, in 1902 by Ms. Sontag, a German-Russian. The hotel was built to serve foreign diplomats in Korea.다방 茶房
(in Korean) Nate /
Encyclopedia of Korean Culture The ''Encyclopedia of Korean Culture'' is a Korean language encyclopedia published by the Academy of Korean Studies and DongBang Media Co. The articles in the encyclopedia are aimed at readers who want to learn about Korean culture and histor ...
Around 1923 the modern tea room began to emerge. It was then that the first two Japanese-owned tea rooms, called "Futami" by
Myeongdong Myeongdong () is a dong in Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea between Chungmu-ro, Eulji-ro, and Namdaemun-ro. It covers 0.99km² with a population of 3,409 and is mostly a commercial area, being one of Seoul's main shopping, parade route and tourism ...
and "Mt. Kumgang" by
Chungmuro Chungmuro is an avenue 1.75 km in length and 10–20 m in width and the area nearby, located in Jung-gu, central Seoul, South Korea. Since the 1960s, Chungmuro has been known as the street of culture, artists, and the film industry. Dansun ...
, were first established. In particular, Futami took the form of modern tea houses that resembled a coffee shop rather than a restaurant. In 1927 filmmaker Lee Kyung-Son opened a tea room called "Kakadu" at the entrance to Kwanhun-dong. Kakadu can be seen as the first dabang run by a Korean. In 1929, Jongno 2-ga opened the "Mexican Cafe" near the YMCA Hall of the Joseon Dynasty, and its owners were actors Kim Yong-gyu and Simyeong. It was said that the selection and arrangement of items in the interior, such as a chair and a table, represented the comprehensive work of the culture, and the collaboration of painters, photographers, stage apparatuses and others. In the 1930s, the appearance of "Nakrangapara" i
Sogong-dong
made it possible to escape from the culture lovers' atmosphere of early dancers and to become a full-fledged tea shop that paid attention to the profit. The Russian style dabang called ‘Troica’ in
Myeong-dong Myeongdong () is a dong in Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea between Chungmu-ro, Eulji-ro, and Namdaemun-ro. It covers 0.99km² with a population of 3,409 and is mostly a commercial area, being one of Seoul's main shopping, parade route and tourism ...
, Music dabang called ‘Erisa’, French style dabang called ‘Mimosa’, German style dabang called ‘win’, ‘Fugaro’ which is well known for weekly music concert, ‘Dolce’ used as a place for farewell in front of Seoul Station are the pioneers of the dabang culture. Since then, the coffee shop has been in a state of decline at the end of the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
and has been closed down since imports of sugar and coffee were blocked due to the
Pacific War The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War, was the theater of World War II that was fought in Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and Oceania. It was geographically the largest theater of the war, including the vast ...
in 1941. As a result of the chaos of the 8/15 liberation and the 6/25 war, the former style of dabang gradually disappeared and transformed into a commercial café. Right after the
Korean War , date = {{Ubl, 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953 (''de facto'')({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=6, day1=25, year1=1950, month2=7, day2=27, year2=1953), 25 June 1950 – present (''de jure'')({{Age in years, months, weeks a ...
in 1953, when cultural facilities became scarce, the dabang played a role of space for synthetic art, as well. The tea ceremony of the 1950s was a social charitable object, serving as a hot-spot for the high-level unemployed. Since Kakadu, there were many cafés such as Hangaram, Asia, Kyungsung, and Grammar that were transformed from cultural dabang into commercial dabang like Myeong-dong. Since the 1960s, the dabang has been transformed into a system in which, instead of the male masters of the intellectual class, women masters carry out face masam, register counters, and chefs. Since the 1970s, The dabang rooms have been decorated with colourful decorations. People visit dabang because of the convenience of commercial meeting rather than the flavour of the tea. Even employers who do not have offices have made use of dabang phones for business and do business with a
secretary A secretary, administrative professional, administrative assistant, executive assistant, administrative officer, administrative support specialist, clerk, military assistant, management assistant, office secretary, or personal assistant is a w ...
who works in the dabang. Especially, in the 1970s, as the
instant coffee Instant coffee is a beverage derived from brewed coffee beans that enables people to quickly prepare hot coffee by adding hot water or milk to coffee solids in powdered or crystallized form and stirring. Instant coffee solids (also called sol ...
production of Dongseo Food, Koreans started to drink coffee at home, the coffee shop gradually began to become deluxe and specialised. The 1970s was also a time when music specialty coffee houses with youthful DJ s bloomed. In the 1980s, there were a lot of coffee shops with various kinds of tea, high prices, and luxurious interior decoration along with the autonomy of tea prices. The tea ceremony with chain stores started with 'Nandarang', and '00 Gallery', and when the night curfew system was abolished, the late-night tea room appeared in large cities. In the 1990s, dabang gradually lost its ground due to the spread of coffee machines, the refinement of beverages, and the increase of luxury dabang. Some coffee shops continue to use the name "dabang". Since the so-called 'Ticket dabang', which run prostitutes, flourished around the province, negative images of the tea ceremony has permeated.


Modern day

After the liberation of Korea, the number of tea ceremonies increased every year since the 1975 restrictions were lifted. The number of dabang, however, started to decrease from a peak of about 45,000 in 1992, to about 33,000 before the
1997 financial crisis The Asian financial crisis was a period of financial crisis that gripped much of East Asia and Southeast Asia beginning in July 1997 and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown due to financial contagion. However, the recovery in 1998–1 ...
. After the
IMF The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster globa ...
crisis, the number of dabang increased slightly, but it did not return to its former form. In recent years, the number of coffee shops has sharply decreased, and cafés and specialty stores, such as domestic and overseas brand franchises, have taken their place.


See also

*
Cafe A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café is an establishment that primarily serves coffee of various types, notably espresso, latte, and cappuccino. Some coffeehouses may serve cold drinks, such as iced coffee and iced tea, as well as other non-caf ...
* Tea house *
Ticket Dabang Ticket Dabang (티켓 다방) is a variant of a dabang, where the delivery woman travels directly to the client and then provides a sexual service upon arrival. References See also

*Ticket (1985 film) *You Are My Sunshine (2005 film) *Call ...


References

{{Types of coffeehouses D D Korean cuisine