Muzeum archeologiczne w Odrach popielnice 02

The Dębczyn culture (Dębczyno, in German also ''Denziner'') is an archeological culture in

Pomerania Pomerania ( pl, Pomorze; german: Pommern; Kashubian: ''Pòmòrskô''; sv, Pommern) is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Poland and Germany. The western part of Pomerania belongs to ...

from the third to sixth centuries. It was derived from the neighboring

Wielbark culture The Wielbark culture (german: Wielbark-Willenberg-Kultur; pl, Kultura wielbarska) or East Pomeranian-Mazovian is an Iron Age archaeological complex which flourished on the territory of today's Poland from the 1st century AD to the 5th century AD. ...

with influences from the Elbe region. The culture was superseded as the result of the later migrations of

West Slavs The West Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak the West Slavic languages. They separated from the common Slavic group around the 7th century, and established independent polities in Central Europe by the 8th to 9th centuries. The West Slavic lan ...

, in particular of the

Pomeranians (Slavic tribe) The Pomeranians (german: Pomoranen; csb, Pòmòrzónie; pl, Pomorzanie), first mentioned as such in the 10th century, were a West Slavic tribe, which since the 5th to the 6th centuries had settled at the shore of the Baltic Sea between the m ...

Origins

"Dębczyno group" was defined in archaeological literature at the beginning of the 1980s. In the second half of the third century, this culture succeeded the Wielbark culture between the Persante and Drage rivers. Whether the eastern Dębczyn culture replaced or evolved from the Wielbark culture is not yet known, in the western areas, settlement was continuous. The emergence of this group is characterized by an influence of the Vistula region (Wielbark culture), the expansion of the

Gustow group The Gustow group (german: Gustow Gruppe or ''Gustower Gruppe'', pl, grupa gustowska) is an archaeological culture of the Roman Iron Age in Western Pomerania. The Gustow group is associated with the Germanic tribe of the Rugii. Since the second h ...

, and many paralleles to the Elbe Germanic areas. Also the Lebuser (Lubusz) cultural group preceded Debczyn culture. This group was isolated in 1975 by A. Leube. The northern European cultural elements are also present. Contact was made with the north European population, especially that of the Danish Bornholm island. The dead were buried unburned. The culture existed until the first quarter of the sixth century, when burial of the dead in grave fields stopped.Johannes Hoops, Hans-Peter Naumann, Franziska Lanter, Oliver Szokody, Heinrich Beck, Rudolf Simek, Sebastian Brather, Detlev Ellmers, Kurt Schier, Ulrike Sprenger, Else Ebel, Klaus Düwel, Wilhelm Heizmann, Heiko Uecker, Jürgen Udolph, Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde, Walter de Gruyter, p.281,

/ref>Johannes Hoops, Hans-Peter Naumann, Franziska Lanter, Oliver Szokody, Heinrich Beck, Rudolf Simek, Sebastian Brather, Detlev Ellmers, Kurt Schier, Ulrike Sprenger, Else Ebel, Klaus Düwel, Wilhelm Heizmann, Heiko Uecker, Jürgen Udolph, Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde, Walter de Gruyter, pp.266ff,

/ref>

Identification

The Dębczyn group might comprise the archaeological remnants of

Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars. The surviving portions of his two major works—the ...

Lemovii The Lemovii were a Germanic tribe, only once named by Tacitus in the late 1st century. He noted that they lived near the Rugii and Goths and that they had short swords and round shields.The Works of Tacitus: The Oxford Translation, Revised, With ...

, probably identical with the Glommas, a tribe mentioned in the Old English poem

Widsith "Widsith" ( ang, Wīdsīþ, "far-traveller", lit. "wide-journey"), also known as "The Traveller's Song", is an Old English poem of 143 lines. It survives only in the ''Exeter Book'', a manuscript of Old English poetry compiled in the late-10th c ...

, which may be connected to the area of the river

Glomma The Glomma, or Glåma, is Norway's longest and most voluminous river. With a total length of , it has a drainage basin that covers fully 13% of Norway's surface area, all in the southern part of the country. Geography At its fullest length, the ...

in Norway. These are believed to have been the neighbors of the

Rugians The Rugii, Rogi or Rugians ( grc, Ρογοί, Rogoi), were a Roman-era Germanic people. They were first clearly recorded by Tacitus, in his ''Germania'' who called them the ''Rugii'', and located them near the south shore of the Baltic Sea. Some ...

, a tribe dwelling at the

n coast before the migration period. Germanic sagas report a battle on the isle of

Hiddensee Hiddensee () is a car-free island in the Baltic Sea, located west of Germany's largest island, Rügen, on the German coast. The island has about 1,000 inhabitants. It was a holiday destination for East German tourists during German Democratic ...

between king Hetel (Hethin, Heodin of the Glommas) and Rugian king Hagen, following the abduction of Hagen's daughter Hilde by Hetel. Yet, there are also other hypotheses about the location of the Lemovii, and that their identification as Glommas, though probable, is not certain. Other scholars also identify this culture with the

Rugii The Rugii, Rogi or Rugians ( grc, Ρογοί, Rogoi), were a Roman-era Germanic people. They were first clearly recorded by Tacitus, in his '' Germania'' who called them the ''Rugii'', and located them near the south shore of the Baltic Sea. So ...

and the Veneti.Henryk Machajewski: Pommern. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2. Auflage. Band 23, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 2003, , S. 274–284. A) S. 281, b) S. 282 und c) S. 282. Cultural connections with the Danubian region have been identified.Dębczyno Group
Migration Period between Odra and Vistula mpov.uw.edu.pl After the departure of some of the Rugii together with the

Goths The Goths ( got, 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰, translit=''Gutþiuda''; la, Gothi, grc-gre, Γότθοι, Gótthoi) were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe ...

, Gepids and others, the remaining Rugii, Veneti, Vidivarii, as well as some other Germanics, were subject to Slavicisation from the seventh century onward.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Debczyn Culture Archaeological cultures of Central Europe Archaeological cultures in Poland Iron Age cultures of Europe Germanic archaeological cultures History of Pomerania

Origins

Identification

See also

References