Cultural Policy in Abu Dhabi
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The concept of cultural policy in Abu Dhabi, a city within the
United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE; ar, اَلْإِمَارَات الْعَرَبِيَة الْمُتَحِدَة ), or simply the Emirates ( ar, الِْإمَارَات ), is a country in Western Asia ( The Middle East). It is located at t ...
refers to any initiative undertaken by the
Emirate An emirate is a territory ruled by an emir, a title used by monarchs or high officeholders in the Muslim world. From a historical point of view, an emirate is a political-religious unit smaller than a caliphate. It can be considered equivalen ...
government aimed at achieving goals of certain cultural content and ascribable within a coherent strategic framework. Today, Abu Dhabi's foremost ambition is to develop a cultural infrastructure that will allow it to establish itself as a reference point for culture on three levels: *Locally, Abu Dhabi would preserve and sustain local traditions and heritage, promoting itself as the custodian of true Emirati and Arab identity, counterweighting
cultural homogenization Cultural homogenization is an aspect of cultural globalization, listed as one of its main characteristics, and refers to the reduction in cultural diversity through the popularization and diffusion of a wide array of cultural symbols—not only ...
due to increasing shares of expatiates in the population; *Regionally, the focus on culture is meant to help the city and the Emirate compete against traditional centers of power in the
Arab world The Arab world ( ar, اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ '), formally the Arab homeland ( '), also known as the Arab nation ( '), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, refers to a vast group of countries, mainly located in Western A ...
(e.g.
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...
,
Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to Lebanon–Syria border, the north and east and Israel to Blue ...
, pre-conflict Syria, etc.) for a leading role in Middle Eastern politics; *Globally, as a leading cultural hub and center for education able to attract foreign creative talents and diversify its economy, with a particular focus on the service sector and innovation. With these goals in mind the government has, since 2004, invested a consistent amount of resources in developing local cultural districts, promoting education, and engaging in grand scale plans of urban transformation within the conceptual framework of “cultural infrastructure”. Under the blueprint of th
Abu Dhabi Vision 2030
plan, as these efforts have been branded, the main government body responsible for cultural development in the Emirate today is the Department of Culture and Tourism Abu Dhabi (DCTAD).Abu Dhabi Tourism and Culture Authority Web Page. Last access: 17.04.2013
/ref>


History

The
Emirate of Abu Dhabi The Emirate of Abu Dhabi (, , or ; ar, إِمَارَةْ أَبُوظَبِي , ) is one of seven emirates that constitute the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is by far the largest emirate, accounting for 87% of the nation's total land area o ...
has a diverse cultural history. Settlements of different tribal groups in the prehistoric era granted the region with a rich heritage of traditions and customs. However, the city did not engage in any serious urban development strategy until the discovery of oil in 1962. Thereafter, economic prosperity in the 60s and 70s has resulted in exposure to foreign influxes that jeopardized the integrity of local heritage.Abu Dhabi Government: Official Web Page. Last access: 16.04.2013
/ref> The Emirate's leadership has since then understood the importance of preserving its roots. Ruler's initiative is key in understanding cultural policymaking in Abu Dhabi. Official publications such as the Vision 2030 Master Plan stress the inspirational role played by UAE's first ruler,
Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan ( ar, زَايِد بِن سُلْطَان آل نَهْيَان, Zāyed bin Sulṭān Āl Nahyān; 6 May 1918 – 2 November 2004) was an Emirati politician, statesman, and philanthropist who served as ...
, in investing oil and gas profits for the development and benefit of the Emirate and its people: “Sheikh Zayed recognized the assets of the UAE, not just its oil, but its true wealth - its people and heritage, its sustainable approach to life and the rich natural assets of the sea and the ‘sweet sands’ of the desert". In the years, the Government of Abu Dhabi has established various institutions and agencies to develop this vision. Founded in 1981, the
Abu Dhabi Cultural Foundation The Abu Dhabi Cultural Foundation was founded in 1981 as a center of art and learning. It is located in the middle of downtown Abu Dhabi, UAE, off Khalifa Street and next to the White Fort, also known as Qasr al-Hosn Palace. The center hosts a va ...
(ADCF) has for long been the prominent institution in developing and implementing cultural programs in the Emirate. The Arts Workshop, for instance, was aimed at making activities such as ceramics, calligraphy and photography accessible to the general public. The declared mission of the ADCF has been to “promote culture, enrich intellectual thought, encouraging fine arts and highlighting the national, Arab and Islamic cultural heritage”.Lawson, Fred H. and al Naboodah, Hasan M. “Heritage and Cultural Nationalism in the United Arab Emirates” in Alsharekh, Alan and Springborg, Robert (eds.). Popular Culture and National Identity in the Arab Gulf States. London: LMEI at SOAS, SAQI (2008): 15-30. When Sheikh Zayed died in 2004, his son Sheikh Kahlifa took over and the Emirate's cultural ambitions were redefined in scope, with Abu Dhabi to become a truly global player: “Abu Dhabi will become an international cultural hub for the middle east on par with the best in the world”, he declared. The Abu Dhabi Cultural Heritage Management Strategy was then developed in collaboration with
UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
to investigate critical issues and design optimal policy responses over a five years' horizon. As a result of these studies, in 2005, operations of the ADCF were taken over by the
Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage The Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture & Heritage (known colloquially as the ADACH) was a statutory body in the United Arab Emirates that administered cultural heritage in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.Abu Dhabi National Library, the Abu Dhabi National Archives, the Al Ain National Museum and the Abu Dhabi Islands Archaeological Survey. A sister company, the
Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority (ADTA) was a statutory body in the United Arab Emirates established in 2004 under the Government of Abu Dhabi’s economic diversification strategy.
(ADTA) was established in 2004 for the promotion and development of the tourism sector in the Emirate.


Institutional Framework

In opposition to the
laissez-faire ''Laissez-faire'' ( ; from french: laissez faire , ) is an economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from any form of economic interventionism (such as subsidies) deriving from special interest groups ...
approach adopted by the neighboring
Dubai Dubai (, ; ar, دبي, translit=Dubayy, , ) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, the most populated of the 7 emirates of the United Arab Emirates.The Government and Politics of ...
, which allows for greater flexibility in private initiative, Abu Dhabi still adopts a top-down planning policy and the institutional framework, direct emanation of the Government and of the ruling family, is a key component of the Emirate's cultural policy.Davidson, Christopher. “Diversification in Abu Dhabi and Dubai: The Impact on National Identity and the Ruling Bargain” in Alsharekh, Alan and Springborg, Robert (eds.). Popular Culture and National Identity in the Arab Gulf States. London: LMEI at SOAS, SAQI (2008): 143-153. Governmental institutions, advisory bodies and financing funds are invariably chaired by members of the ruling family and consultations with the local population are rare. Following bodies perform today a critical role in cultural policymaking in Abu Dhabi:


The Abu Dhabi Tourism and Culture Authority (TCA)

Established in February 2012 by Sheikh
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan ( ar,  خليفة بن زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان‎; 7 September 1948 – 13 May 2022) was the second president of the United Arab Emirates and the ruler of Abu Dhabi, serving from ...
, the president of Abu Dhabi, this 'super-agency' combines the existing authorities for tourism, culture and heritage and retains all assets, mandates and staff of the previous organizations. Mission: Its declared mission is "to promote the heritage, culture and traditions of Abu Dhabi emirate worldwide, to support the emirate’s evolution into a world-class, sustainable destination which makes a unique contribution to the global cultural landscape while conserving its singular character and ecosystem". Cultural Mandate: Its mandate is directly related to the Abu Dhabi Vision 2030 Master Plan, which dictates guidelines for policy-making and offers a coherent strategic framework within which cultural policy in Abu Dhabi must be interpreted. Operations and Responsibilities: Activities of the TCA are conducted in accordance to its given remit and include: *The management of Abu Dhabi's growing tourism sector and its promotion internationally, by marketing it to culturally aware visitors and by facilitating international investments. *the preservation and protection of Abu Dhabi's cultural heritage, with particular attention to its historic and archaeological sites, among which
UNESCO World Heritage A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
sites. *the management of both existing and new museums, including the overseeing of operations in developing the
Saadiyat Island Saadiyat Island ( ar, جزيرة السعديات; ', for "Island of Happiness") is a natural island and a tourism-cultural project for nature and Emirati heritage and culture that is located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The project i ...
Cultural District *reaching new local and international audiences by nurturing a lively cultural environment and by sustaining and promoting cultural events, artistic programs, and other intellectual activities *sponsoring education programs and broaden appreciation of Abu Dhabi's traditions and legacy, as well as preserving
collective memory Collective memory refers to the shared pool of memories, knowledge and information of a social group that is significantly associated with the group's identity. The English phrase "collective memory" and the equivalent French phrase "la mémoire c ...
and
intangible heritage An intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is a practice, representation, expression, knowledge, or skill considered by UNESCO to be part of a place's cultural heritage. Buildings, historic places, monuments, and artifacts are cultural property. In ...
of the Emirate *fostering a future class of leaders and professionals in the field of culture and education *promoting the development of human and
cultural capital In the field of sociology, cultural capital comprises the social assets of a person (education, intellect, style of speech, style of dress, etc.) that promote social mobility in a stratified society. Cultural capital functions as a social relatio ...
in light with the challenges posed by the knowledge economy.


The Tourist Development and Investment Company (TDIC)

Established in 2006, the TDIC is an independent publicly listed company of which the TCA is the only shareholder. It is directly involved in developing the Saadiyat Island project by managing estates and propriety rights on the island, allocating it to private investors and ensuring the sites are developed according to the Master Plan regulations and guidelines.


The Abu Dhabi Council for Economic Development (ADCED) and the Urban Planning Council (UPC)

Respectively established in 2007 and 2006, the UPC and the ADCED are government agencies responsible for the planning of
urban development Urban means "related to a city". In that sense, the term may refer to: * Urban area, geographical area distinct from rural areas * Urban culture, the culture of towns and cities Urban may also refer to: General * Urban (name), a list of peop ...
strategies and for economic policy advisory in Abu Dhabi. The agencies cooperate in light of the complementary role they play in the developments of the emirate. Their partnership ensures successful completion of the government's long-term vision, by integrating knowledge to inform policymakers in the outlining of individual policies, plans and blueprints that account for the multidisciplinary facets underlying the pursue of a truly sustainable future for Abu Dhabi. Their workings resulted in the definition and publication of the Abu Dhabi Vision 2030 Master Plan, which is the foremost inspiring document behind cultural policymaking in the emirate.


The Abu Dhabi Vision 2030 Master Plan

Cultural policy in Abu Dhabi is largely subsumed to the so-called Abu Dhabi Vision 2030 Master Plan. The plan, a comprehensive set of strategic policies for the development of the Emirate in the next 20 years, has been sponsored since 2006 by Their Highnesses Sheikh
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan ( ar,  خليفة بن زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان‎; 7 September 1948 – 13 May 2022) was the second president of the United Arab Emirates and the ruler of Abu Dhabi, serving from ...
, UAE President and Ruler of Abu Dhabi and Sheikh
Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan ( ar, مُحَمّد بِن زَايد آل نَهيَان, Moḥamed bin Zāyed Āl Nahyān; born 11 March 1961), colloquially known by his initials as MBZ, is the third president of the United Arab Emirates ...
, the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces. The Plan aims at coordinating the political efforts of all agencies and authorities of the Emirate's government. It relies on two main pillars: the Abu Dhabi Economic Vision 2030 and the Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Vision 2030. Culture constitutes an important premise for both plans.


Economic Vision 2030

The Abu Dhabi Economic Vision 2030 has been outlined by the Abu Dhabi Council for Economic Development (ADCED) and its foremost declared aim is to promote “Abu Dhabi as a sustainable, diversified, high-value-added economy that encourages enterprises and entrepreneurships and is well integrated in the global economy leading to better opportunities for all”.


Urban Planning Vision 2030

The Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Vision 2030 addresses new challenges brought about by demographic shifts in the Emirate aiming at “Developing physical plans and policies to shape Abu Dhabi Emirate as the leading global 21st century Arab capital and ensuring factors such as sustainability, infrastructure capacity, economic growth and community planning are integrated to provide a high- quality of life for all.” The main authority responsible for its implementation is the
Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council The Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council (UPC) is the strategic planning agency for the Abu Dhabi (emirate), which supports the realisation of Abu Dhabi Vision 2030 through the creation and continuing evolution of an Emirate-wide strategic framework ...
(UPC).


Estidama

In particular, the conceptual guidelines underlying the Vision 2030 Master Plan are outlined in
Estidama Estidama is a building design methodology for constructing and operating buildings and communities more sustainably. The program is a key aspect of the "Abu Dhabi Vision 2030" drive to build the Abu Dhabi emirate according to innovative green stan ...
. Originally designed in 2008 by the UPC as a policy program, Estidama, which means “sustainability” in Arabic, has since then rather become an inspirational vision for political governance. Aiming at achieving a more balanced society and enhancing well-being of future generations, it is grounded on four main pillars: economic, environmental, social, and cultural sustainability.


Long Term Objectives for Cultural Policy

The following are main avenues of development in cultural policy making in Abu Dhabi. Its objectives can all be traced back to the vision of sustainability embedded in Estidama.


Economic Sustainability: Diversification through Tourism

Indeed, cultural policy in Abu Dhabi is functional to various goals. Economic diversification is probably paramount amongst them all. In the wording of the Economic Vision 2030 Policy Plan: “to diversify the Emirate’s economy away from oil while developing ambitious plans to become a genuinely sustainable world-class capital city ”. Accounting for about 87% of the UAE's territory and for an estimated 90% of its total oil exports (10% of world's known oilfield deposits), Abu Dhabi not only is the largest, but also the wealthiest of the UAE. Indeed, its natural resources have granted it with consistent returns over the years. Today, Abu Dhabi's
sovereign wealth fund A sovereign wealth fund (SWF), sovereign investment fund, or social wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund that invests in real and financial assets such as stocks, bonds, real estate, precious metals, or in alternative investments such as ...
, the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA), boasts the highest capitalization in the world and is estimated at about 300 to 875 billion dollars. Despite its prosperity, the Emirate is increasingly faced with issues of sustainability of its national economy. Oil is a perishable resource: the neighboring
Dubai Dubai (, ; ar, دبي, translit=Dubayy, , ) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, the most populated of the 7 emirates of the United Arab Emirates.The Government and Politics of ...
already depleted its reserves and was forced into high risk, fast-tracked strategies of diversification as oil-related industries have gradually winded down. Furthermore, oil dependent economies are heavily exposed to fluctuations in global oil prices. Hedging against the risk of unexpected downward pressure has been another important driving force behind diversification to non-oil industrial and service sectors. Under this respect, cultural policy aims at sustaining Abu Dhabi's growing
tourism industry Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism ...
both by capitalizing on existing cultural and natural heritage as well as by developing new offers and attractions for global touring.


Social Sustainability: the Ruling Bargain

As the economy diversifies and exposes to a global environment by opening up to foreign direct investments and increasing foreign ownership of land and capital, cultural, religious and national identity equilibria are upset and jeopardize
social security Welfare, or commonly social welfare, is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter. Social security may either be synonymous with welfare, or refer specifical ...
and
political stability Political decay is a political theory, originally described by Samuel P. Huntington, which describes how chaos and disorder can arise from social modernization increasing more rapidly than political and institutional modernization. Huntington provi ...
. Many have argued that political power in UAE's
constitutional monarchies A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making. Constitutional monarchies dif ...
relies upon a ' ruling bargain' with the local population, that is, a delicate balance of elements of
legitimacy Legitimacy, from the Latin ''legitimare'' meaning "to make lawful", may refer to: * Legitimacy (criminal law) * Legitimacy (family law) * Legitimacy (political) See also * Bastard (law of England and Wales) * Illegitimacy in fiction * Legit (d ...
strictly dependent on local culture and religion, as well as on how the wealth is redistributed within the country. To the extent that economic diversification,
globalization Globalization, or globalisation (English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English; American and British English spelling differences#-ise, -ize (-isation, -ization), see spelling differences), is the process of foreign relation ...
and
urbanization Urbanization (or urbanisation) refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. It is predominantly t ...
do upset this balance, rulers have an interest in investing in the preservation of what is deemed to be an important source of their power. Under this respect, it is therefore critical to ensure that local culture and traditions are not eroded. Investments in this field strengthen social fabric and sustain linkages between the population, their environment and history.


Cultural Sustainability: Abu Dhabi as an Authentic Arab Capital

Developing and sustaining local culture is not only functional to the preservation of local political power and guaranteeing a stable social fabric, it is of paramount importance for the Emirate to fully express its role of capital of the UAE, seat of the national Government: Abu Dhabi as an authentic Arab Capital in the next future. This ambition is most explicitly addressed in the Abu Dhabi Capital 2030 Plan. By investing in the preservation of its unique heritage and customs, as well as by questioning the role of its tradition in a global context, rulers in Abu Dhabi reveal determination in pursuing a more demanding role for the Emirate in the regional and world politics. This exercise of long term vision and lateral thinking is embedded in the attempt to develop the required cultural flexibility to integrate tradition with new emerging ways of living, as well as to promote the values of diversity and international openness in society. The aim is to promote Abu Dhabi as a truly global capital, world cultural hub and reference point for middle east-politics. Furthermore, increasing investments in education and the creative sector are part of a larger attempt to sustain the development of human and cultural capital (that is, knowledge, skills, local relations and customs) for the creation of a sustainable knowledge-based economy capable of facing the challenges posed by today's global environment. Some commentators have dubbed this approach " cultural enlightenment".


Events, Ongoing Projects and Developments

The following list enumerates the main artistic and cultural events, institutions or projects that take place or are currently being developed in the framework of cultural life in Abu Dhabi.


Saadiyat Island

Saadiyat Island, which literally translates into "island of happiness", probably represents the most significant and ambitious initiative within the Emirate's cultural policy. Developed by the Tourism Development and Investment Company, the Saadiyat project aims at creating a cultural district for the Emirate. It will be host to following museums and institutions: * Guggenheim Abu Dhabi *
Louvre Abu Dhabi The Louvre Abu Dhabi ( ar, اللوفر أبوظبي; french: Louvre Abou Dabi) is an art museum located on Saadiyat Island in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It runs under an agreement between the UAE and France, signed in March 2007, that a ...
*Performing Arts Center * Zayed National Museum *Maritime Museum Within the framework of Abu Dhabi's cultural policy, the project will sustain two main goals. Politically, it will be functional to “ cultural enlightment” in the Emirate; economically, in a rather profit-making perspective, it will allow for diversification into cultural tourism.


Main Museums and Cultural Landmarks

*Heritage Heartland * Al Ain National Museum * Al Ain Palace Museum * Al Jahili Fort *Heritage Village *Sheik Zayed Grand Mosque Library * Zayed Centre * Al Maqtaa Fort * Saluki Centre * Al Qattara Arts Centre * Hili Archeological Garden *Heritage Theme Park * Miraj Islamic Centre *Manarat *UAE Pavilion *Archeological Site on
Sir Bani Yas Ṣīr Banī Yās ( ar, صِير بَنِي يَاس) is a natural island located southwest of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates. It lies offshore from Jebel Dhanna, which serves as a crossing point to other islands such as D ...


Private Art Galleries

*The Salwa Zeidan Gallery *The Ghaf Gallery *The Barakat Gallery *The Abu Dhabi Art Hub *The Genuine Gallery


Main Festivals and Fairs

*
Abu Dhabi Festival Abu Dhabi Festival is an annual cultural festival in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE; ar, اَلْإِمَارَات الْعَرَبِيَة الْمُتَحِدَة ), or simply the Emirates ( ar, الِْإ ...
* Abu Dhabi Art Fair *
Abu Dhabi International Book Fair The Abu Dhabi International Book Fair is an annual Trade fair, book fair held in Abu Dhabi. It provides a platform where publishing, publishers, bookselling, booksellers, literary agents, agents, cultural organisations and journalism, press can m ...
*
Abu Dhabi Film Festival The Abu Dhabi Film Festival (ADFF; ar, مهرجان أبو ظبي السينمائي), formerly the Middle East International Film Festival, was an international film festival held in the city of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates from 2007 to 20 ...
* Tropfest Arabia Short-film Festival *Abu Dhabi Classics *Mother of the Nation Festival


Education

As part of its cultural policy planning, the government of Abu Dhabi has recently signed agreements with top universities and business schools around the world with the aim of attracting and fostering students, researchers and future professionals in the field of culture. The Emirate is host, among others, to following higher education institutions:
New York University Abu Dhabi New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD, ar, جامعة نيويورك أبوظبي) is a degree granting, portal campus of New York University serving as a private, liberal arts college, located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Together with ...
,
Paris-Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi is a French and English-speaking university established on 7 October 2006 in Abu Dhabi, the capital city of the United Arab Emirates. The university affiliated with the French Sorbonne University (former Paris-Sorb ...
,
INSEAD INSEAD, a contraction of "Institut Européen d'Administration des Affaires" () is a non-profit business school that maintains campuses in Europe (Fontainebleau, France), Asia (Singapore), the Middle East (Abu Dhabi, UAE), and North America (San ...
,
New York Film Academy New York Film Academy – School of Film and Acting (NYFA) is a private for-profit film school and acting school based in New York City, Los Angeles, and Miami. The New York Film Academy was founded in 1992 by Jerry Sherlock, a former film, ...
.


Controversies and Future Challenges

Several commentators have been skeptical about the ambitions of Abu Dhabi's cultural policy. Following criticisms have been raised: *Cultural Commodification and Colonialism. Some critics have argued that cultural policy in Abu Dhabi represents the epitome of a paradigmatic shift in our understanding of culture today, that is, its redefinition as a commodity within a business-based, transnational setting. In other words, the critique recites, the Emirate is not investing enough in the development of a genuinely local culture but is simply purchasing, or better, leasing, a “ready-made” cultural package from western institutions such as the
Louvre The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central l ...
or the Guggenheim. In doing so, furthermore, it voluntarily replicates the dynamic of colonialism and succumbs to western influences. Art historian Poulin, however, is sceptic about this latter view. He argues that these developments are not being imposed on the Rulers and that, rather, it could be a strategy aimed at attracting best practices with the hope for knowledge spillovers. Nonetheless, he continues, the dynamic indeed introduces a new form of domination: that of money over culture. Financial resources are invested in culture functionally to acquire dominance in the regional context. On the other hand, former director of the
Guggenheim Museum The Guggenheim Museums are a group of museums in different parts of the world established (or proposed to be established) by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. Museums in this group include: Locations Americas * The Solomon R. Guggenhei ...
Thomas Krens Thomas Krens (born December 26, 1946) is the former director and Senior Advisor for International Affairs of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in New York City.''The New York Times'' staff.Guggenheim Foundation staff From the beginning of his ...
disagrees. In his view, projects like Saadiyat island are not about "exporting a commodity" or "setting up a franchise" but rather engage with the aim of establishing communication, interaction and cooperation, so to foster innovation and local talents. *Abu Dhabi still adopts a conservative approach towards culture and does not promote a truly open discussion nor innovative research in the field of arts.
Censorship Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient". Censorship can be conducted by governments ...
and religious-driven conservatism still represent major challenges to artistic freedom and creativity in an Islamic country. *The Emirate will not be able to successfully develop or attract future audience for its cultural offerings, as it lacks an autonomous art scene, which cannot easily be imposed top-down. The question is raised by some, whether "a truly local culture can take hold in a society dominated by rampant materialism". *Within the development of the Saadyiat Island project,
Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization, headquartered in New York City, that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. The group pressures governments, policy makers, companies, and individual human r ...
has filed a report in 2009 declaring that the UAE Government has abused of migrant workers and did not ensure protection of fundamental rights.


See also

*
Culture of the United Arab Emirates The Culture of the United Arab Emirates is part of the culture of Eastern Arabia.
*
List of cultural property of national significance in the United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi Central Region Eastern Region Western Region Ajman Dubai Fujairah ...
*
List of museums in the United Arab Emirates This is a list of museums in the United Arab Emirates. *Al Ahmadiya School * Al Ain National Museum * Al Eslah School Museum * Al Hisn Fort Museum * Anime Museum *Dubai Museum * Etihad Museum * Fujairah Heritage Village * Fujairah Museum * Gug ...
*
List of tourist attractions in the United Arab Emirates This is a list of the popular tourist attractions in the United Arab Emirates, by Emirates of the United Arab Emirates, Emirate, except for shared attractions, such as Arabian Peninsula#Mountains, mountains shared by different emirates Abu Dhab ...


External links


Abu Dhabi Tourism and Culture Authority website

ADTA website

Abu Dhabi Vision 2030 website

Estidama website


References

{{Abu Dhabi topics Organisations based in Abu Dhabi 2004 establishments in the United Arab Emirates Culture in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi Culture by city in the United Arab Emirates Tourism in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi