A cross pattée, cross patty or cross paty, also known as a cross formy or cross formée (french: croix pattée, german: Tatzenkreuz), is a type of Christian cross with arms that are narrow at the centre, and often flared in a curve or straight line shape, to be broader at the perimeter. The form appears very early in medieval art, for example in a metalwork treasure binding given to Monza Cathedral by Queen Theodelinda (died 628), and the 8th-century lower cover of the Lindau Gospels in the Morgan Library. An early English example from the start of the age of heraldry proper (i.e. about 1200) is found in the arms of Baron Berkeley.

Etymology

The word ''pattée'' is a French adjective in the feminine form used in its full context as ''la croix pattée'', meaning literally "footed cross", from the noun ''patte'', meaning foot, generally that of an animal. The cross has four splayed feet, each akin to the foot, for example, of a

chalice A chalice (from Latin 'mug', borrowed from Ancient Greek () 'cup') or goblet is a footed cup intended to hold a drink. In religious practice, a chalice is often used for drinking during a ceremony or may carry a certain symbolic meaning. R ...

candelabrum A candelabra (plural candelabras) or candelabrum (plural candelabra or candelabrums) is a candle holder with multiple arms. Although electricity has relegated candleholders to decorative use, interior designers continue to model light fixtures ...

. In

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

it is called ''Tatzenkreuz'' from ''Tatze'', foot, paw. Planché provides a dubious suggestion that the term comes from the Latin verb ''pateo'', to lie open, be spread. He states it to be discernible on the standard of King Stephen (1135–1154).

Variants

Several variants exist as follows: File:Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg, With the edges of the arms concave throughout; the "

Iron Cross The Iron Cross (german: link=no, Eisernes Kreuz, , abbreviated EK) was a military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, and later in the German Empire (1871–1918) and Nazi Germany (1933–1945). King Frederick William III of Prussia es ...

", as generally used on Luftstreitkräfte aircraft in 1915 File:CrossPattéeFitchée.svg, A cross pattée with a sharp point added to the lower limb, as if for use in staking into the ground. File:Cross-Pattee-alternate3.svg, With less curvature, used on Luftstreitkräfte aircraft into April 1918, and the basis for the similar cross by the

Bundeswehr The ''Bundeswehr'' (, meaning literally: ''Federal Defence'') is the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. The ''Bundeswehr'' is divided into a military part (armed forces or ''Streitkräfte'') and a civil part, the military part con ...

of modern Germany. File:Bolnisi cross.svg, Bolnisi cross, official national symbol of the republic of

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

, used on flag, coat of arms and various official and unofficial organizations of this country. File:Cross-Pattee-Alisee.svg, With the ends of the arms convex and curved; sometimes called "Alisee" (French ''croix pattée alésée arrondie'') File:Cross-Pattee-alternate2.svg, With triangular arms which come close to filling the square File:Cross-Not-Pattee-Not-Maltese.svg, With triangular arms that do not fill the square File:Cross-Pattee-alternate.svg, With straight parallel lines at the centre (considered ''pattée'' by Rudolf Koch in ''Book of Signs'')

Use in crowns

Many crowns worn by

monarch A monarch is a head of stateWebster's II New College DictionarMonarch Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. Life tenure, for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority ...

s have jewelled crosses pattées mounted atop the band. Most crowns possess at least four such crosses, from which the half arches rise. Some crowns are designed so that the half-arches can be detached, allowing the circlet to be worn separately on occasion. A cross ''pattée'' is particularly associated with crowns in Christian countries. It is often heavily jewelled, with diamonds and precious stones. The

Koh-i-Noor The Koh-i-Noor ( ; from ), also spelled Kohinoor and Koh-i-Nur, is one of the largest cut diamonds in the world, weighing . It is part of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. The diamond is currently set in the Crown of Queen Elizabeth The ...

diamond is set in a cross pattée on the Crown of Queen Elizabeth. The British Imperial State Crown has a base of four crosses pattée alternating with four

fleurs-de-lis The fleur-de-lis, also spelled fleur-de-lys (plural ''fleurs-de-lis'' or ''fleurs-de-lys''), is a lily (in French, and mean 'flower' and 'lily' respectively) that is used as a decorative design or symbol. The fleur-de-lis has been used in the ...

. A cross ''pattée'' on the Imperial State Crown holds the Black Prince's Ruby. The cross pattée also features in many of the other British Crowns including the

St Edward's Crown St Edward's Crown is the centrepiece of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. Named after Saint Edward the Confessor, versions of it have traditionally been used to crown English and British monarchs at their coronations since the 13th cen ...

, used for coronations, and the Imperial Crown of India created for

George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936. Born during the reign of his grandmother ...

Emperor of India Emperor or Empress of India was a title used by British monarchs from 1 May 1876 (with the Royal Titles Act 1876) to 22 June 1948, that was used to signify their rule over British India, as its imperial head of state. Royal Proclamation of 2 ...

to wear at the Delhi Durbar of 1911.

Use by Crusaders, Prussia and Germany

Teutonic Knights

This cross is often associated with the

Crusades The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these Crusades are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291 that were ...

. The heraldic cross pattée was sometimes used by the

Teutonic Knights The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, commonly known as the Teutonic Order, is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was formed to aid Christians o ...

, a Crusader order, though their more usual emblem was a plain straight black cross on white field.. File:Crux Ordis Teutonicorum.svg, Emblem of the

Teutonic Order The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, commonly known as the Teutonic Order, is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was formed to aid Christians on ...

Iron Cross

In 1813, King Frederick William III of

Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an e ...

established the

as a decoration for military valor, and it remained in use, in various forms, by Prussia and later

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...

until 1945. A stylized version of the

is used to date by the German army (

) as its symbol of nationality, and is found on vehicles, aircraft and publications. Prussian and Imperial German ''Landwehr'' and ''Landsturm'' troops used a Cross Pattée cap badge to distinguish them from regular army troops. A stylized version of the Cross Pattée is used by the modern German military (''

'') as its symbol of nationality, and is found on vehicles, aircraft and publications, with no border of any kind at the ends of each arm (as was the case with the '' Balkenkreuz'' used on German aircraft in 1918-1945). File:EK II 1914.jpg, German Iron Cross,

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

File:Bundeswehr Kreuz.svg, Modern

emblem

Modern usage

Belarus

The cross pattée is adopted in several municipal coats of arms of

Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...

. File:Coat of Arms of Kličaŭ, Belarus.svg, Coat of arms of Klichaw File:Coat of Arms of Kruhłaje, Belarus.png, Coat of arms of

Kruhlaye Kruhlaye or Kruglae (Belarusian: Круглае; Russian: Круглое) is a town in the eastern Belarusian voblast of Mogilev. Kruglae serves as an administrative center of Kruglae Raion. As of 2020, its population was 7,600. History The m ...

File:Coat of Arms of Kryčaŭ, Belarus.svg, Coat of arms of Krychaw File:Coat of Arms of Vorsza, Belarus.svg, Coat of arms of

Orsha Orsha ( be, О́рша, Во́рша, Orša, Vorša; russian: О́рша ; lt, Orša, pl, Orsza) is a city in Belarus in the Vitebsk Region, on the fork of the Dnieper and Arshytsa rivers. History Orsha was first mentioned in 1067 as R ...

Canada

The cross pattée, a traditional Royal symbol in Canada, has been incorporated into official national symbols, provincial symbols and the insignia of various

national armed forces National Armed Forces (NSZ; ''Polish:'' Narodowe Siły Zbrojne) was a Polish right-wing underground military organization of the National Democracy operating from 1942. During World War II, NSZ troops fought against Nazi Germany and communist ...

. The

Arms of Canada The Arms of Canada (french: Armoiries du Canada, links=no), also known as the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada (french: armoiries royales du Canada, links=no) or formally as the Arms of His Majesty the King in Right of Canada (french: Armoiries de Sa M ...

, numerous provincial coat of arms and the badges of the Canadian Forces feature

; that displays four cross pattée and four fleur-de-lys, supporting two dipped arches topped by a monde and another cross pattée. Numerous

orders, decorations, and medals of Canada The orders, decorations, and medals of Canada comprise a complex system by which Canadians are honoured by the country's sovereign for actions or deeds that benefit their community or the country at large. Modelled on its British predecessor, ...

are designed with a cross pattée, including the nation's highest civilian honour, the

Order of Merit The Order of Merit (french: link=no, Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by ...

and the Victoria Cross of Canada the highest military honour that is derived from that of the British original

Victoria Cross The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system. It is awarded for valour "in the presence of the enemy" to members of the British Armed Forces and may be awarded posthumously. It was previousl ...

. File:Royal coat of arms of Canada (1957–1994).svg, link=Arms of Canada, Arms of Canada (1957 rendition) File:Coat of arms of Quebec.svg, link= Coat of arms of Québec, Coat of arms of Québec File:Canadian Forces emblem.svg, link=Canadian Forces, Badge of the Canadian Forces File:Order of Merit Dorothy Hodgkin (cropped).jpg, link=Order of Merit, Order of Merit

France

The cross pattée can be found on coats of arms of various French communes. File:Blason ville fr Ambacourt (Vosges).svg, Coat of arms of Ambacourt File:Blason ville fr Damouzy (Ardennes).svg, Coat of arms of

Damouzy Damouzy () is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France. Geography The river Sormonne forms part of the commune's southern border. Population See also *Communes of the Ardennes department The following is a list of the 449 ...

File:Blason ville fr Fontaine-lès-Luxeuil 70.svg, Coat of arms of Fontaine-lès-Luxeuil File:Blason ville fr Fontaines-Saint-Martin (Rhône).svg, Coat of arms of

Fontaines-Saint-Martin Fontaines-Saint-Martin () is a commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physica ...

File:Blason de la ville de Saint-Gondon (Loiret).svg, Coat of arms of

Saint-Gondon Saint-Gondon () is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France. See also *Communes of the Loiret department The following is the list of the 325 communes of the Loiret department of France. The communes cooperate in the followi ...

Georgia

The Bolnisi cross ( ka, ბოლნისის ჯვარი ') is a cross symbol, taken from a 5th-century ornament at the Bolnisi Sioni church, which came to be used as one of the oldest national symbol of Georgia. It was used on the flags and coat of arms of the

Kingdom of Georgia The Kingdom of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს სამეფო, tr), also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy that was founded in circa 1008 AD. It reached its Golden Age of political and economic ...

and the current Republic of Georgia, with its various organizations and administrative divisions. File:Bolnisi Sioni - Georgian inscription.JPG, Bolnisi Sioni inscriptions. Oldest Georgian inscription that uses the Asomtavruli script, predating the modern Mkhedruli script, inside Georgia. File:Flag of Georgia.svg, Flag of Georgia File:Greater coat of arms of Georgia.svg, Coat of arms of Georgia File:DFG small Emblem green.png, Roundel of the

Georgian Defense Forces The Defence Forces of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს თავდაცვის ძალები, tr), or Georgian Defence Forces (GDF), are the combined military forces of Georgia, tasked with the defense of the nation's indep ...

File:Bolnisi COA.svg, Coat of arms of the city of Bolnisi

Montenegro

The Montenegrin cross-flag ('' Krstaš-barjak'') has been used in

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = ...

since medieval times to represent the state, and lately its military divisions. The earliest documented use of this flag has been recorded in 1687. During the 1990s, it was used as a symbol of Montenegrin independence movement, most notably by the Liberal Alliance of Montenegro. Nowadays, Montenegro's Royal Capital City

Cetinje Cetinje (, ) is a town in Montenegro. It is the former royal capital (''prijestonica'' / приjестоница) of Montenegro and is the location of several national institutions, including the official residence of the president of Montenegro ...

uses ''krstaš'' flag as its flag. It is also used as an unofficial alternate Montenegrin flag, as well as by local trademarks and societies related to Montenegro. File:Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg, Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro File:Vucji Do flag.svg, Montenegrin flag used in the

Battle of Vučji Do The Battle of Vučji Do ( sr-cyr, Битка код Вучјег дола) was a major battle of the Montenegrin-Ottoman War of 1876-78 that took place on 18 July 1876 in Vučji Do, Montenegro, fought between the combined forces of Monteneg ...

. The Н.I. initials indicate Prince Nicholas I. One of the most important historical Montenegrin flags. File:Flag_of_Cetinje.svg, Flag of Old Royal Capital Cetinje File:Niksic-Grb.gif, Coat of arms of

Nikšić Municipality Nikšić Municipality ( Montenegrin and Serbian: Opština Nikšić / Општина Никшић) is one of the municipalities of Montenegro. The municipality is located in central and northwestern region of Montenegro. The administrative centre o ...

File:Roundel_of_Montenegro.svg, Modern Montenegrin Air Force roundel File:Montenegrin_Police_Special_Counter-Terrorist_Unit_Insignia.png, Montenegrin Police Special Counter-Terrorist Unit Insignia File:Flag of Montenegrins in Serbia.svg, Flag of Montenegrins of Serbia File:Řád_knížete_Danila_I.jpg, Order of Prince Danilo I

Poland

File:POL województwo podkarpackie COA.svg, Coat of arms of Podkarpackie Voivodeship File:POL Przemyśl COA.svg, Coat of arms of

Przemyśl Przemyśl (; yi, פשעמישל, Pshemishl; uk, Перемишль, Peremyshl; german: Premissel) is a city in southeastern Poland with 58,721 inhabitants, as of December 2021. In 1999, it became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship; it was p ...

File:POL Rzeszów COA.svg, Coat of arms of Rzeszów File:POL Skierniewice COA.svg, Coat of arms of

Skierniewice Skierniewice is a city in central Poland with 47,031 inhabitants (2021), situated in the Łódź Voivodeship (since 1999), previously capital of Skierniewice Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is the capital of Skierniewice County. The town is situate ...

Portugal

The Portuguese heraldry makes a very common use of three variants of the cross pattée, the standard form (also as a variant of the

Maltese cross The Maltese cross is a cross symbol, consisting of four " V" or arrowhead shaped concave quadrilaterals converging at a central vertex at right angles, two tips pointing outward symmetrically. It is a heraldic cross variant which develope ...

proper, associated with the

Knights Hospitaller The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem ( la, Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), was a medieval and early modern Catholic military order. It was headq ...

), the Alisee form (associated with the

Knights Templar , colors = White mantle with a red cross , colors_label = Attire , march = , mascot = Two knights riding a single horse , equipment ...

) and the Order of Christ cross (associated with this order of chivalry and also used as one of main the National symbols of Portugal). These crosses are often present on the arms of the municipalities located in former domains of these orders. File:PFR1.png, Coat of arms of

Paços de Ferreira Paços de Ferreira () is a city in the Porto District, in the north of Portugal. The population of the city in 2011 was 7491, while its municipality had 56,340 inhabitants, in an area of 70.99 km². Sometimes referred to as the ''Capital do ...

File:Coat of arms of Madeira.svg, Coat of arms of

Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...

File:Roundel of Portugal.svg, Roundel of the

Portuguese Air Force , colours = , colours_label = , march = , mascot = , anniversaries = 1 July , equipment = , equipment_label ...

File:Portuguese_Football_Federation.svg A Seleção (The Selection)

Russia

File:Russian Federation. Emblem of the Border Guard Service of the Federal Security Service.svg, Emblem of the Border Service File:Coat of arms of Kirov Region.svg, Coat of arms of

Kirov Oblast Kirov Oblast (russian: Ки́ровская о́бласть, ''Kirovskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. Population: 1,341,312 ( 2010 Census). Geography N ...

File:Coat of Arms of Perm Krai.svg, Coat of Arms of Perm Krai File:Coat of Arms of Borisovka (Belgorod oblast).svg, Coat of arms of Borisovka, Belgorod Oblast

Spain

File:Coat of Arms of El Bierzo.svg, Coat of arms of El Bierzo File:Coat of Arms of Mondoñedo.svg, Coat of arms of Mondoñedo File:Escudo de Morcín.svg, Coat of arms of Morcín File:Escudo de Oviedo.svg, Coat of arms of

Oviedo Oviedo (; ast, Uviéu ) is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain and the administrative and commercial centre of the region. It is also the name of the municipality that contains the city. Oviedo is located a ...

File:Escut del Priorat.svg, Coat of arms of

Priorat Priorat () is a comarca (county) in Catalonia, Spain. The central part of the comarca, "Priorat històric," produces the highly regarded wines that are certified under the DOQ Priorat. Wines from elsewhere in the comarca are certified as DO M ...

File:Coat of Arms of Sabiñánigo.svg, Coat of arms of Sabiñánigo File:Coat of Arms of Sitges.svg, Coat of arms of

Sitges Sitges (, , ) is a town about 35 kilometres southwest of Barcelona, in Spain, renowned worldwide for its Film Festival, Carnival, and LGBT Culture. Located between the Garraf Massif and the Mediterranean Sea, it is known for its beaches, nights ...

File:Coat of Arms of Villafáfila.svg, Coat of arms of Villafáfila

Sweden

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic countries, Nordic c ...

, the term "

Saint George's Cross In heraldry, Saint George's Cross, the Cross of Saint George, is a red cross on a white background, which from the Late Middle Ages became associated with Saint George, the military saint, often depicted as a crusader. Associated with the cr ...

" sometimes refers to the cross pattée used by

Swedish Freemasons Freemasonry in Sweden was introduced by the Swedish Order of Freemasons, founded in 1735 as the oldest still active Swedish fraternal order, working the Swedish Rite of Freemasonry. It is under royal patronage of the King of Sweden and closely asso ...

. For example, the cross of the

Swedish Order of Freemasons The Swedish Order of Freemasons ( sv, Svenska Frimurare Orden) is a Swedish fraternal order of freemasonry, founded in 1735 as the oldest still active Swedish fraternal order. It is the native Swedish manifestation of Swedish Rite Freemasonry, rec ...

was defined by the

King of Sweden The monarchy of Sweden is the monarchical head of state of Sweden,See the Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Article 5. which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system.Parliamentary system: see the Instrument ...

in 1928 to be a "red St George's cross with triangular arms". . File:Frimurarflagga.svg, Flag of the

File:Svenska Frimurar Orden vapen.svg, Coat of arms of the

Ukraine

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inva ...

, the "

cossack cross The cossack cross ( uk, Козацький хрест, Kozatskyi khrest) is a type of cross pattée used by cossacks, the Zaporozhian Sich, Zaporozhian Army and the Ukrainian Ground Forces. It is frequently used in Ukraine as a memorial sign to fa ...

" was used historically in banners by

cossack The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...

s, installed on their graves, and nowadays part of emblems of a number of Ukrainian state bodies connected with security, including the

Armed Forces of Ukraine , imports = , exports = , history = , ranks = Military ranks of Ukraine , country=Ukraine The Armed Forces of Ukraine ( uk, Збро́йні си́ли Украї́ни), most commonly know ...

Military

File:Emblem of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine.svg, Emblem of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine File:General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.svg, Emblem of the

General Staff A military staff or general staff (also referred to as army staff, navy staff, or air staff within the individual services) is a group of officers, enlisted and civilian staff who serve the commander of a division or other large military ...

File:Emblem of the Defence Intelligence of Ukraine.svg, Emblem of the Defence Intelligence File:Emblem of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.svg, Emblem of the

Ukrainian Armed Forces , imports = , exports = , history = , ranks = Military ranks of Ukraine , country=Ukraine The Armed Forces of Ukraine ( uk, Збро́йні си́ли Украї́ни), most commonly know ...

File:Emblem of the Ukrainian Ground Forces.svg, Emblem of the

Ukrainian Ground Forces The Ukrainian Ground Forces ( uk, Сухопу́тні військá Збрóйних сил Украї́ни), also known as the Ukrainian Army, are the land forces of Ukraine and one of the five branches of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. They ...

File:Emblem of the Ukrainian Navy.svg, Emblem of the Ukrainian Navy File:Emblem of the Ukrainian Air Force.svg, Emblem of the

Ukrainian Air Force The Ukrainian Air Force ( uk, Пові́тряні си́ли Збро́йних сил Украї́ни) is the air force of Ukraine and one of the five branches of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Its headquarters are in the city of Vinnytsia. Wh ...

File:Emblem of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.svg, Emblem of the State Border Guard Service File:Security Service of Ukraine Emblem.svg, Emblem of the

Security Service of Ukraine The Security Service of Ukraine ( uk, Служба безпеки України, translit=Sluzhba bezpeky Ukrainy}) or SBU ( uk, СБУ, link=no) is the law enforcement authority and main intelligence and security agency of the Ukraini ...

Volhynia

File:Alex Volhynia.svg, Coat of arms of the Volhynian Duchy (Principality) File:Principality of Volyn.png, Coat of arms of Volhynia with the Muscovite

Monomakh's Cap Monomakh's Cap (russian: шапка Мономаха, translit=shapka Monomakha), also called the Golden Cap (russian: шапка Золотая, links=no, translit=shapka Zolotaya), is a chief relic of the Russian Grand Princes and Tsars. It ...

File:POL województwo wołyńskie IRP COA.svg, Volhynian Voivodeship in the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...

File:Novohrad-Volynskyi coat of arms (1796).gif, Coat of arms of the Russian Volhynian Vice-royaly (Namestnichestvo) File:COA of Volin gubernia.png, Coat of arms of Volhynian Governorate File:POL województwo wołyńskie II RP COA.svg, Volhynian Voivodeship in Poland (1920-1939) File:Coat of Arms of Rivne Oblast.svg, Coat of arms of Rivne Oblast File:Coat of Arms of Zhytomyr Oblast.svg, Coat of arms of

Zhytomyr Oblast Zhytomyr Oblast ( uk, Жито́мирська о́бласть, translit=Zhytomyrska oblast), also referred to as Zhytomyrshchyna ( uk, Жито́мирщина}) is an oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. The administrative center of the obla ...

Eastern Podolia

File:POL województwo bracławskie IRP COA.svg, Braclaw Voivodeship File:Coat of Arms of Vinnytsa Oblast.svg,

Vinnytsia Oblast Vinnytsia Oblast ( uk, Ві́нницька о́бласть, translit=Vinnytska oblast; ; also referred to as Vinnychchyna — uk, Ві́нниччина) is an oblast of western and southwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Vinnytsi ...

Poltava (Myrhorod ossackCross)

File:Flag of Poltava Oblast.svg,

Flag of Poltava Oblast The flag of the Poltava Region, Ukraine is the official flag of the Ukrainian province of Poltava. It was designed by ''E. Shyrai'', and officially adopted by the solution of the tenth session of the Poltava Oblast rada on February 10, 1999. The ...

File:UKR Mirgorod COA.svg,

Myrhorod Myrhorod ( uk, Ми́ргород, ) is a city in the Poltava Oblast ( province) of central Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Myrhorod Raion (district), the city itself is administratively incorporated as a city of obla ...

city File:Coat of Arms of Poltava Oblast.svg,

Poltava Oblast Poltava Oblast ( uk, Полта́вська о́бласть, translit=Poltavska oblast; also referred to as Poltavshchyna – uk, Полта́вщина, literally 'Poltava Country') is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The administrative ...

United Kingdom

University of Durham

File:Durham shield.png, Coat of arms of the

University of Durham , mottoeng = Her foundations are upon the holy hills ( Psalm 87:1) , established = (university status) , type = Public , academic_staff = 1,830 (2020) , administrative_staff = 2,640 (2018/19) , chancellor = Sir Thomas Allen , vice_cha ...

File:Durham - St Marys arms.png, Coat of arms of St Mary's College, Durham File:Durham - St Johns arms.png, Coat of arms of St John's College, Durham File:Durham - Ustinov arms.png, Coat of arms of Ustinov College, Durham File:College of St Hild, Durham.svg, Coat of arms of the former College of St Hild, Durham File:College of St Hild & St Bede, Durham.svg, Coat of arms of the College of SS Hild and Bede, Durham File:John Snow College, Durham.svg, Coat of arms of John Snow College, Durham File:Arms of South College, Durham.svg, Coat of arms of South College, Durham

Other uses

The cross pattée is also placed before the name of the bishop who issues a Catholic imprimatur, and is occasionally found as a map symbol indicating the location of a Christian site. It appears in the emblem of: * The

* The

Distinguished Flying Cross (United States) The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. The medal was established on July 2, 1926, and is currently awarded to any persons who, after April 6, 1917, distinguish themselves by single acts ...

* The Bundeswehr Cross of Honour for Valour * The

Badge of Honour of the Bundeswehr The Decorations of Honour of the Bundeswehr (german: Ehrenzeichen der Bundeswehr) are a series of military decorations of the Bundeswehr, the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. These honours and awards were introduced in 1980 on the ...

* The Order of St. George *The Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" * The Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky * The Portuguese Football Federation * F.C. Paços de Ferreira, a Portuguese football club * C.F. Os Belenenses, a Lisboeta football club *

Casa Pia A.C. Casa Pia Atlético Clube is a Portuguese multi-sports founded in 1920 and based in Lisbon, Portugal, best-known for its football team, that competes in the Primeira Liga. The club is named after Casa Pia, a Portuguese children's charity, and many ...

, a Portuguese sports association *

Mira Mar SC Mira Mar Sport Clube ''(known as Mira Mar SC or Mira Mar),'' is a Portuguese football club based in Povoação on the island of São Miguel in the Azores. Background Mira Mar SC currently plays in the AF Ponta Delgada 1ª Divisão (known as ...

, a Portuguese football club * Flag of Asturias, a Spanish Principality *

Toulouse FC Toulouse Football Club is French professional football club based in Toulouse. The club was founded in 1970 and currently plays in Ligue 1, the premier division of French football. Toulouse plays its home matches at the Stadium de Toulouse lo ...

, a French football club * The Sir Knight, Geneva Glen Camp's Highest rank in the orders * The Knights of Columbus, designed in 1883, and called a "cross formée" * Independent Truck Company, a manufacturer of skating equipment (in the ''alisée'' form, with the ends of the arms in the shape of arcs of an enclosing circle) * The Crossmen Drum and Bugle Corps * Schneider Cams, a speed equipment manufacturer *

Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama (), commonly referred as Vasco da Gama or simply Vasco, is a professional sports club based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Originally a rowing club, Vasco is mostly known for its football team, who it currently comp ...

, a South African sports club *

, a Brazilian sports club * Neath RFC, a rugby team *

The Eaton House Group of Schools ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...

FC Volyn Lutsk FC may refer to: Businesses, organisations, and schools * Fergusson College, a science and arts college in Pune, India * Finncomm Airlines (IATA code) * FranklinCovey company, NYSE stock symbol FC * Frontier Corps, a paramilitary force in Pakist ...

, a Ukrainian football club * Black Label Society, a heavy metal band * Flag of the Hispanic People * The Fifth Corps, a unit of the Union

Army of the Potomac The Army of the Potomac was the principal Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in June 1865 following the surrender of the Confede ...

during the

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and t ...

from 1862–1865.

Firefighters A firefighter is a first responder and rescuer extensively trained in firefighting, primarily to extinguish hazardous fires that threaten life, property, and the environment as well as to rescue people and in some cases or jurisdictions also ...

, especially in the United States, commonly use a version with triangular arms for patches and medals, though the cross pattée and the cross of

St. Florian Florian ( la, Florianus; 250 – 304 AD) was a Christians, Christian holy man, and the patron saint of Linz, Austria; chimney sweeps; soapmakers, and firefighting, firefighters. His feast day is 4 May. Florian is also the patron saint of Upper ...

are both commonly mistaken for the

. The cross pattée is used on the Marksmanship Badge in the

United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, ...

, and

United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through c ...

Encoding

Unicode Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard,The formal version reference is is an information technology standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. The standard, ...

, a Cross pattée character is encoded under the name "

Maltese Cross The Maltese cross is a cross symbol, consisting of four " V" or arrowhead shaped concave quadrilaterals converging at a central vertex at right angles, two tips pointing outward symmetrically. It is a heraldic cross variant which develope ...

" in the Dingbats range at code point U+2720 (✠). The character "X" is rendered as a cross pattée in the Microsoft

Wingdings Wingdings is a series of dingbat fonts that render letters as a variety of symbols. They were originally developed in 1990 by Microsoft by combining glyphs from Lucida Icons, Arrows, and Stars licensed from Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes. Ce ...

font.

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cross pattee Christian crosses Pattee