The Egyptian hieroglyph ''ndj'' (nḏ) ( Gardiner Aa27, U+13429 𓐩) has the shape of a

cross A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two intersecting lines or bars, usually perpendicular to each other. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally. A cross of oblique lines, in the shape of the Latin letter X, is termed a sa ...

. It presumably depicts some type of tool such as a

mill Mill may refer to: Science and technology * * Mill (grinding) * Milling (machining) * Millwork * Textile mill * Steel mill, a factory for the manufacture of steel * List of types of mill * Mill, the arithmetic unit of the Analytical Engine early ...

. It is often written alongside the ''nu'' "pot" hieroglyph (W24). It is used as an ideogram or determinative in the context of "grains", "grinding stone", "grind", "to rub out". Budge's dictionary to the

Book of the Dead The ''Book of the Dead'' ( egy, 𓂋𓏤𓈒𓈒𓈒𓏌𓏤𓉐𓂋𓏏𓂻𓅓𓉔𓂋𓅱𓇳𓏤, ''rw n(y)w prt m hrw(w)'') is an ancient Egyptian funerary text generally written on papyrus and used from the beginning of the New Kingdom ...

has the following uses for the hieroglyph: :1—(nos 1,2,4)-"to protect, guard, avenge", and "protector, advocate, avenger" :2—(no. 3)-''"homage to thee"'', (a form of

salutation A salutation is a greeting used in a letter or other communication. Salutations can be formal or informal. The most common form of salutation in an English letter is wed by the recipient's given name or title. For each style of salutation there i ...

to gods) :

3—(nos. 5,6,7)-"discuss a matter with someone", "to converse", "to take counsel"; (uses the 'man-seated hieroglyph' for 'concepts', or 'speech', no. A2) A2

Budge, 1991. ''A Hieroglyphic Dictionary to the

'', "netch", p. 226.

Budge's two-volume dictionary has entries for "rub out" and "grind", both connected to

Coptic language Coptic (Bohairic Coptic: , ) is a language family of closely related dialects, representing the most recent developments of the Egyptian language, and historically spoken by the Copts, starting from the third-century AD in Roman Egypt. Coptic ...

words. Of the thirty-three entries, six refer to these two definitions. Entry 24 refers to the Coptic word (n-o-u-t)-(nout), and 29 to (n-o-e-i-t)-(); dictionary entry 24 has seven spellings using

determinative A determinative, also known as a taxogram or semagram, is an ideogram used to mark semantic categories of words in logographic scripts which helps to disambiguate interpretation. They have no direct counterpart in spoken language, though they may ...

s for "grinding", the "block-of-stone" hieroglyph), no. 39, N39, or the "man grinding" hieroglyph, no. 34 (actually unlisted, a man grinding upon a stone-block-mortar), A36

Entry 29, (six spellings, and Coptic word ()), uses the small circle for grain, no. N33B, N33B, or the ''plural of grains'', N33B-N33B-N33B; also another grain production hieroglyph, nos. U9, U10, U9-(or)-U10

References

*Budge, 1978, (1920). ''An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary,'' E.A.Wallace Budge, (Dover Publications), c 1978, (c 1920), Dover edition, c 1978; cliv-(154) and 1314 pp. (In two volumes) (softcover, ) *Budge, 1991. ''A Hieroglyphic Dictionary to the

,'' E.A.Wallace Budge, Dover edition, 1991; Original: c 1911 as: A Hieroglyphic Vocabulary to the Theban Recension of the Book of the Dead with an Index to All the English Equivalents of the Egyptian Words, (Kegan Paul, etc. Ltd, London, publisher). Dover: (softcover, ) *Budge. ''The Rosetta Stone,'' E.A.Wallace Budge, (Dover Publications), c 1929, Dover edition(unabridged), 1989. (softcover, ) *Collier, Mark and Manley, Bill, ''

How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs ''How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs'' is a primer on understanding Egyptian hieroglyphs. The text was written by Mark Collier (Egyptologist), and Bill Manley, c. 1998. The standard version of analytic Egyptian hieroglyphs is based upon the 26 c ...

'', c 1998, University of California Press, 179 pp, (with a ''word Glossary'', p 151-61: Title Egyptian-English vocabulary; also an "Answer Key", 'Key to the exercises', p 162-73) *Schumann-Antelme, and Rossini, 1998. ''

Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook The ''Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook'' is part of a new genre of books focused on Egyptian hieroglyphs. The book is a graphics based book with four to seven word examples of each Egyptian hieroglyph; the words are graphically explained for e ...

'', Ruth Schumann-Antelme, and Stéphane Rossini. c 1998, English trans. 2002, Sterling Publishing Co. (Index, Summary lists (tables), selected uniliterals, biliterals, and triliterals.) (softcover, {{ISBN, 1-4027-0025-3) Egyptian hieroglyphs: unclassified

See also

References