Crimean Regional Government (russian: Крымское краевое правительство ''Krymskoe kraevoe pravitel'stvo'') refers to two successive short-lived regimes in the

Crimean Peninsula Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...

during 1918 and 1919.

History

Following

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...

's 1917

October Revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key mom ...

, an ethnic

Tatar The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different

government proclaimed the

Crimean People's Republic The Crimean People's Republic ( crh, Qırım Halq Cumhuriyeti; uk, Кримська народна республіка, translit=Kryms'ka narodna respublika; russian: Крымская народная республика, translit=Krymskaya ...

. The republic was soon overrun by

Bolshevik The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...

forces in early 1918 who established the Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic and then by the forces of the

Ukrainian People's Republic The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), or Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), was a country in Eastern Europe that existed between 1917 and 1920. It was declared following the February Revolution in Russia by the First Universal. In March 1 ...

with a military assistance from the

German Empire The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary ...

in the Crimean Offensive at the end of April 1918. The first Crimean Regional Government was established on 25 June 1918. It was formed under German protection with Lipka Tatar General Maciej (Suleyman) Sulkiewicz as prime minister, minister of interior and military affairs. There were efforts by Ukraine to exert control over Crimea but, with German support, the regional government remained separate from Ukraine though, in September and October, there were talks to effect a federation of the two. Following the withdrawal of German troops from Crimea, the unpopularBrian Boyd. ''Vladimir Nabokov: The Russian Years''. Princeton University Press, 1993. p. 154. Sulkiewicz fell from power on 25 November 1918 and was succeeded by Crimean Karaite politician and former '' Kadet'' member

Solomon Krym Solomon Samuilovich Krym (Russian: Соломон Самойлович Крым; 1864 – 1936) was a Crimean politician, statesman and agronomist of Crimean Karaite origin. He was elected in 1906 to the First Duma (1906–07) as a ''Kad ...

. This liberal, anti-Bolshevik regime included fellow former ''Kadet'' member Maxim Vinaver as foreign minister and Vladimir D. Nabokov as minister of justice. In late November 1918, troops of the

Allies of World War I The Allies of World War I, Entente Powers, or Allied Powers were a coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ott ...

, mainly French and Greek, landed in Crimea but they withdrew in April 1919, after the loss of Odessa. The Krym government, also called the Crimean Frontier Government, began to crumble in early 1919 due to tensions with the Russian White movement's

Volunteer Army The Volunteer Army (russian: Добровольческая армия, translit=Dobrovolcheskaya armiya, abbreviated to russian: Добрармия, translit=Dobrarmiya) was a White Army active in South Russia during the Russian Civil War from ...

under

Anton Denikin Anton Ivanovich Denikin (russian: Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин, link= ; 16 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._4_December.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New St ...

which suspected the loyalty of its main figures.Brian Boyd. ''Vladimir Nabokov: The Russian Years''. Princeton University Press, 1993. p. 155. The collapse of the World War I Central Powers and the withdrawal of the Allies had made the Crimea again fully dependent on Russia. On 2 April 1919, the Soviet Red Army occupied

Simferopol Simferopol () is the second-largest city in the Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, and is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. However, it is ...

and the second Crimean Regional Government was dissolved. The Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic was then established only to be retaken by White forces in June 1919. The Whites under Denikin and later Pyotr Wrangel held Crimea until November 1920.

References

{{Ukrainian Bolshevik Revolution Russian Revolution in Ukraine Crimea during the Russian Civil War Politics of Crimea Political history of Ukraine Post–Russian Empire states Former unrecognized countries 1918 establishments in Ukraine 1919 disestablishments in Ukraine States and territories established in 1918 States and territories disestablished in 1919 Former client states Political history of Crimea

History

See also

References