Salm is the name of several historic countships and

principalities A principality (or sometimes princedom) can either be a monarchical feudatory or a sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a regnant-monarch with the title of prince and/or princess, or by a monarch with another title considered to fall under ...

in present Germany, Belgium,

Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...

and France.

History

Origins

The County of Salm arose in the tenth century in Vielsalm, in the

Ardennes The Ardennes (french: Ardenne ; nl, Ardennen ; german: Ardennen; wa, Årdene ; lb, Ardennen ), also known as the Ardennes Forest or Forest of Ardennes, is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges primarily in Be ...

region of present Belgium. It was ruled by a junior branch of the House of Luxembourg, called the

House of Salm The House of Salm was an ancient Lotharingian noble family originating from Salmchâteau in the Ardennes (present-day Belgium) and ruling Salm. The dynasty is above all known for the experiences of the Upper Salm branch which came to be located ...

. In 1165, it was divided into the counties of Lower Salm, in the

, situated in Belgium and

, and the county of Upper Salm, situated in the Vosges mountains, present France.

Lower Salm

The counts of Lower Salm became extinct in 1416, and the county was inherited by the House of Reifferscheid-Dyck. In 1628 the county was elevated to an altgraviate, and henceforth the fief was renamed the

Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid (feminine: ) is a historical title of the German nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "coun ...

. In 1639 the Altgraviate was divided up into the

Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg (feminine: ) is a historical title of the German nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "coun ...

, to the Northwest of Cologne, and the

Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (feminine: ) is a historical title of the German nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "coun ...

, Neuss.

Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg

In 1734 the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg was divided in three by splitting off the

Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz (feminine: ) is a historical title of the German nobility, usually translated as " count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of " earl" (whose female version is ...

, from

Bohemia Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...

n descent, and the

Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach (feminine: ) is a historical title of the German nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "coun ...

from the original altgraviate. In 1803 the, smaller, Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg was renamed the

Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim (feminine: ) is a historical title of the German nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "co ...

. In 1804 it was raised to a

principality A principality (or sometimes princedom) can either be a monarchical feudatory or a sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a regnant-monarch with the title of prince and/or princess, or by a monarch with another title considered to fall under ...

, und existed until 1806, when it was mediatised.

Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck

The county was mediatised, and the family branch became extinct in 1888.

Upper Salm

In 1246 the County of Upper Salm was split up, and the

County of Salm-Blankenburg A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

came into existence, next to it. In 1431 the County of Upper Salm was split up again, and the

County of Salm-Badenweiler A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

came into existence, next to it. The County of Upper Salm was inherited by the

Wild- and Rhinegraves (feminine: ) is a historical title of the German nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "co ...

in 1475, who then called their fief the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Upper Salm. In 1499 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm was divided up into two entities, the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Kyrburg and the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Dhaun.

Salm-Blankenburg

The county became extinct in 1506, and was inherited by the House of Lorraine.

Salm-Badenweiler

In 1520 the County of Salm-Badenweiler was split up, and the

County of Salm-Neuburg A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposes Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

came into existence, next to it. In 1653 the fief was inherited by the Austrian

House of Sinzendorf A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air ...

, but the House of Salm kept using the title until 1784, when the last lord died. The county was annexed by the House of Lorraine from 1600 until 1608, when it came back into the family. 1670 the territory was finally annexed by France.

Salm-Kyrburg

In 1607 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Kyrburg was divided in three by splitting off the Wild- and Rhinagraviate of Salm-Mörchingen and the Wild- and Rhinagraviate of Salm-Tronecken from the original Wild- and Rhinegraviate. In 1637 the lord of Salm-Tronecken died and his territories were joined with ... . In 1681 the last lord of Salm-Kyrburg died, and his territories were joined with Salm-Mörchingen. In 1688 the last lord of Salm-Mörchingen died. His territories were joined with ... . In 1743 a completely new territory of Salm-Kyrburg was created, this time the

Principality of Salm-Kyrburg Salm-Kyrburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire located in present-day Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, one of the various partitions of Salm. It was twice created: the first time as a Wild- and Rhinegraviate (partitioned from Upper Salm), and ...

. It was shortly annexed by France in 1811 and mediatised in 1813. But the family kept using the titles.

Salm-Dhaun

In 1561 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Neuweiler and the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Grumbach were split off Salm-Dhaun. In 1697 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Püttlingen was split off Salm-Dhaun. In 1748 the Salm-Dhaun branch of the family became extinct, its territories went to the branch of Salm-Püttlingen.

=Salm-Püttlingen

= Salm-Püttlingen became extinct in 1750. Their territories went to ... .

=Salm-Neuweiler

= In 1610 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm was split off Salm-Neuweiler. It was elevated to the Principality of Salm in 1623. In 1803, when the Bishopric of Münster was secularized, part of it was given to the princes of Salm-Salm who by then already were in possession of the

Lordship of Anholt The Lordship of Anholt was a small state of the Holy Roman Empire. It was an imperial estate and a member of the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle. Geography The state consisted only of the City of Anholt in the present-day District of Borken i ...

. This new Principality of Salm, covering the area around Borken, Ahaus and Bocholt, was a member of the Confederation of the Rhine. In 1810 it was annexed by France, as a part of the

Imperial Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, Texa ...

département of Lippe. After the defeat of

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

in 1815, it was

mediatized Mediatization or mediatisation may refer to: * German mediatisation, German historical territorial restructuring * Mediatization (media) Mediatization (or medialization) is a process whereby the mass media influence other sectors of society, includ ...

to Prussia. The family branch exist until today. In 1696 Salm-Neuweiler was divided in two, the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Leuze and the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Hoogstraten. Their lands were incorporated into Belgium. The branches became extinct in 1887 and 1186.

=Salm-Grumbach

= In 1668 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Rheingrafenstein-Grenzweiler was split off Salm-Grumbach. It was mediatised and incorporated into Prussia. The branch extinction occurred in 1819. In 1803 Salm-Grumbach was annexed by France. The lords of Salm-Grumbach received the

Principality of Salm-Horstmar A principality (or sometimes princedom) can either be a monarchical feudatory or a sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a regnant- monarch with the title of prince and/or princess, or by a monarch with another title considered to fall ...

as compensation in 1803. It was mediatised in 1813. The family branch sold its titles to Salm-Salm in 1892.

List of states

* 1019–1165 : County of Salm (Lower and Upper Salm) ** 1165–1416 :

County of Lower Salm A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposes Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

/ 1416–1628 : County of

Salm-Reifferscheid Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. History Origins The County of Salm arose in the tenth century in Vielsalm, in the Ardennes region of present Belgium. It was ...

/ 1628-1639 Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid *** 1639–1803 : Altgraviate of

Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim was a short-lived Imperial Estate to the Holy Roman Empire, which was created as a succession of in 1803. It was raised to a Principality in 1804, and was mediatised to the Kingdom of Wurttemberg and the Grand Duch ...

**** 1803–1804 : Altgraviate of

Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim was a short-lived Imperial Estate to the Holy Roman Empire, which was created as a succession of in 1803. It was raised to a Principality in 1804, and was mediatised to the Kingdom of Wurttemberg and the Grand Duc ...

***** 1804–1806 : Principality of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim (mediatised to Prussia, branch became extinct in 1893) **** 1734–1790 : County of Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz ***** 1790–1811 : Principality of Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz (mediatised to Austria, branch still extant) **** 1734–1811 : County of

Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach was a German statelet, which was a partition of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur. It was mediatised in 1806. Counts of Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach (1734–1811) * Leopold Anthony (1734–1760) * Francis Wenceslaus (1760� ...

(mediatised to Prussia, branch became extinct in 1897) *** 1639–1806 : Altgraviate of

Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck was a small County of the Holy Roman Empire. Its territory was the area around Dyck (south-east of Mönchengladbach) in present North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck was a partition of Salm-Reiffersche ...

(mediatised to Prussia, branch became extinct in 1888) ** 1165–1475 :

County of Upper Salm A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

/ 1475-1499 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Upper Salm (House of Salm-Dhaun and House of Salm-Kyrburg) *** 1210–1500 : County of Salm-Blankenburg (House of Lorraine) *** 1431–1670 : County of

Salm-Badenweiler Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. History Origins The County of Salm arose in the tenth century in Vielsalm, in the Ardennes region of present Belgium. It was ...

(House of Bourbon) **** 1520–1784 : County of

Salm-Neuburg Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. History Origins The County of Salm arose in the tenth century in Vielsalm, in the Ardennes region of present Belgium. It was ...

(House of Sinzendorf) *** 1499–1748 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Dhaun (House of Salm-Püttlingen) **** 1697–1750 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of

Salm-Püttlingen Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. History Origins The County of Salm arose in the tenth century in Vielsalm, in the Ardennes region of present Belgium. It was r ...

(?) **** 1561–1696 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Neuweiler (House of Salm-Leuze and House of Salm-Hoogstraten) ***** 1574-1738 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Salm ****** 1738–1810 : Principality of Salm-Salm (mediatised to Prussia) ***** 1696–1742 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of

Salm-Leuze Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. History Origins The County of Salm arose in the tenth century in Vielsalm, in the Ardennes region of present Belgium. It was r ...

****** 1742–1743 : Principality of

(House of Salm-Kyrburg) ***** 1696–1738 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Hoogstraten (later known as House of Salm-Salm) **** 1561–1803 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of

Salm-Grumbach Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. History Origins The County of Salm arose in the tenth century in Vielsalm, in the Ardennes region of present Belgium. It was ...

(mediatised to Prussia) ***** 1803–1813 : Principality of

Salm-Horstmar Salm-Horstmar was a short-lived Napoleonic County in far northern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located around Horstmar, to the northeast of Münster. It was created in 1803 for Wild- and Rhinegrave Frederick Charles Augustus of Salm-Grumbach ...

(mediatised to Prussia, branch still extant) ***** 1668-????' Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Rheingrafenstein-Grenzweiler (branch became extinct in 1819) *** 1499–1681 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Kyrburg (House of Salm-Mörchingen) **** 1607-1637 : Wild and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Tronecken (branch became extinct in 1637) **** 1607–1688 : Wild- and Rhinegraviate Salm-Mörchingen (branch became extinct in 1688) *** 1743–1810 : Principality of Salm-Kyrburg (mediatised to Prussia)

List of rulers

Counts of Salm (1019–1165)

House of Salm

Giselbert Giselbert is the name of: * Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine (c. 890 – 939), also known as ''Giselbert'' * Giselbert I of Roussillon (d. 1013 or 1014) * Giselbert II of Roussillon (d. 1102) * Giselbert, Count of Clermont (d. after 1097) * Giselbert van L ...

(1019–1059) *

Herman I Herman I may refer to: * Herman I (Archbishop of Cologne) (died in 924) * Herman I, Duke of Swabia (died in 949) * Herman I, Count Palatine of Lotharingia (died in 996) * Herman I, Margrave of Meissen (died in 1038) * Herman I, Margrave of Baden (c ...

(1059–1088) * Andrea II (1088–1138) * Herman (1138–1140) * Henry (1140–1165)

Counts and Altgraves of Lower Salm (1165-1628-1639)

House of Salm

* Frederick I (1163–1172) * Frederick II (1172–1210) * Gerhard (1210–1240) * Henry III (1240–1247) * Henry IV (1247–1265) * William (1265–1297) * Henry V (1297–1336) * Henry VI (1336–1362) * John (1362–1370) * (1370–1416)

House of Reifferscheid-Dyck

* Otto (1416–1455) * John I (1455–1475) * John II (1475–1479) * Peter (1479–1505) * John III (1505–1537) * John IV (1537–1559) * Werner (1559–1629) * Ernst Frederick, (1629–1639) first altgrave

Altgraves of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur and Princes of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim (1639-1803-1893)

House of Reifferscheid-Dyck

* Erik Adolf (1639–1673) * Francis William (1673–1734) * Charles Anthony (1734–1755) * Sigismund (1755–1798) * Francis William, reign (1798–1806) last altgrave (1803–1804), first prince (1804–1806) died 1831 * Constantin (1831–1856), title in pretence * Francis Charles (1856–1860) * Leopold (1860–1893) * Alfred (1893–1924)

Altgraves of Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainspach (1734-1811-1897)

House of Reifferscheid-Dyck

* Leopold Anthony (1734–1769) * Francis Wenceslaus (1769–1832), title in pretence since 1811 * Francis Vincent (1832–1842) * John (1842–1847) * Francis Joseph (1847–1887) * Alois (1887–1897)

Altgraves and Princes of Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz (1734-1790-1918)

House of Reifferscheid-Dyck

* Anthony (1734–1769) * Charles Joseph, last altgrave (1769–1790), first prince (1790–1811) * Hugh I Francis (1811–1836), title in pretence * Hugh II Charles (1836–1888) * Hugh III (1888–1890) * Hugh IV (1890–1903) * Hugh V Leopold (1903–1946) *Hugh VI * Hugh VII (born 1973)

Altgraves of Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (1639-1806-1888)

House of Reifferscheid-Dyck

* Ernest Salentin (1639–1684) * Francis Ernest (1684–1721) * August Eugene Bernard (1721–1767) * William (1767–1775) * Joseph Zu (1775–1806) in pretence until 1861 * Alfred (1861–1888), title to branch of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim

Counts and Wild- and Rhinegraves of Upper Salm (1210-1475-1499)

* Henry I (1165–1210) * Henry II (1210–1240) * Henry III (1240–1293) * John I (1293–1326) * Nicolas (1326–1343) * John II (1343–1351) * Simon I (1351–1360) * John III (1360–1386) * Simon II (1386–1397) * John IV (1397–1431) * Simon III (1431–1475) * John V, (1475–1495) first wild- and Rhinegrave * John VI (1495–1499)

Counts of Salm-Blankenburg (1210-1506)

* Frederick I (1210–1270) * Henry I (1270–1301) * Henry II (1301–1361) * Theobald I (1361–1363) * Henry III (1363–1382) * Theobald II (1382–1396) * Henry IV (1396–1441) * Frederick II (1441–1442) * Theobald III (1442–1443) * Louis (1443–1503) * Ulrick (1503–1506)

Counts of Salm-Badenweiler (1431-1600)

* John V (1431–1451) * John VI (1451–1505) * John VII (1505–1548) * John VIII (1548–1600)

Wild- and Rhinegraves of Salm-Dhaun (1499-1748)

* Philip (1499–1521) * Philip Francis (1521–1561) * John Philip I (1561–1569) * Frederick (1569–1574) * Adolf Henry (1574–1606) * Wolfgang Frederick (1606–1638) * John Louis (1638–1673) * John Philip II (1673–1693) *

Charles Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English language, English and French language, French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic, Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*k ...

(1693–1733) * John Philip III (1733–1742) * Christian Otto (1742–1748)

Wild- and Rhinegraves of Salm-Neuweiler (1561-1696)

* Frederick I (1561–1610) * Frederick II (1610–1673) * Charles Florentin (1673–1676) * Frederick Charles (1676–1696)

Wild- and Rhinegraves of Salm-Leuze and Princes of Salm-Kyburg (1696-1743-1813-1905)

* Henry Gabriel (1696–1716) *

Philipp Joseph of Salm-Leuze Philip Joseph, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg (1709–1779) was the first prince of Salm-Kyrburg, from 1743 to 1779. Life and reign He was the second son of Hendrik Gabriel Joseph of Salm-Kyrburg, regent of Salm-Kyrburg from 1696 to 1716, and his wife P ...

, last wild- and Rhinegrave (1716–1743), first sovereign prince (1743–1779) * Frederick III (1779–1794) * Frederick IV, last sovereign prince (1794–1813), first mediatised prince (1813–1859) * Frederick V (1859–1887) * Frederick VI Louis (1887–1905)

Wild- and Rhinegraves and Princes of Salm-Hoogstraten (1696-1739-1886)

* William Florentin (1696–1707) * Nicolas Leopold I, (1707–1770) first prince see Princes of Salm-Salm

Wild- and Rhinegraves and Princes of Salm-Salm (1574-1738-1813-present)

* Frederick I, first and last Wild- and Rhinegrave (1574–1608) * Philip Otto, last count (????-????), first prince (1608–1634) * Leopold Philip (1634–1663) * Charles Theodor Otto (1663–1710) * Louis Otto, last prince (1710–1738) * Nicholas Leopold I, first sovereign prince (1739–1770) * Louis Otto Charles (1770–1771) * Maximilian (1771–1773) * Louis Otto Charles (1773–1778) * Constantine Alexander, last sovereign prince (1778–1813) * Constantin Alexander, first mediatised prince (1813–1828) * Florentin (1828–1846) * Alfred I (1846–1886) * Nicolas Leopold II (1886–1908) * Alfred II (1908–1923) * Nicolas Leopold III (1923–1988) * Charles-Philip (1988–present) ** Emanuel, heir (born 1961)

Wild- and Rhinegraves of Salm-Püttlingen (1697-1750)

* Vollrath Victor (1697–1730) * John (1730–1750) * Frederick * Frederick William (????-1748) * John Frederick (1748–1750) * Charles Leopold Louis (1750-1750) * Frederick William (1750-1750)

References and external links

House of Salm
at europeanheraldry.org *

at the Office de Tourisme Pays des Abbayes *
Salm Castle

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salm (State) States and territories disestablished in 1815 States and territories established in 1019 1 History of Alsace States of the Holy Roman Empire Medieval Belgium