Count of Guise and Duke of Guise (pronounced
ˇÉĄiz were titles in the
French nobility
The French nobility (french: la noblesse française) was a privileged social class in France from the Middle Ages until its abolition on June 23, 1790 during the French Revolution.
From 1808 to 1815 during the First Empire the Emperor Napol ...
.
Originally a
seigneurie, in 1417
Guise
Guise (; nl, Wieze) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. The city was the birthplace of the noble family of Guise, Dukes of Guise, who later became Princes of Joinville.
Population
Sights
The remains ...
was erected into a
county
A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposes Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...
for
René
René ('' born again'' or ''reborn'' in French) is a common first name in French-speaking, Spanish-speaking, and German-speaking countries. It derives from the Latin name Renatus.
René is the masculine form of the name ( Renée being the femin ...
, a younger son of
Louis II of Anjou
Louis II (5 October 1377 – 29 April 1417) was Duke of Anjou and Count of Provence from 1384 to 1417; he claimed the Kingdom of Naples, but only ruled parts of the kingdom from 1390 to 1399. His father, Louis I of Anjouthe founder of the House ...
.
While disputed by the
House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg ( lb, D'LĂ«tzebuerger Haus; french: Maison de Luxembourg; german: Haus Luxemburg) or Luxembourg dynasty was a royal family of the Holy Roman Empire in the Late Middle Ages, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as kin ...
(1425–1444), the county was ultimately retained by the
House of Anjou and its descendants, passing in 1520 to the
cadet branch
In history and heraldry, a cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch's or patriarch's younger sons ( cadets). In the ruling dynasties and noble families of much of Europe and Asia, the family's major assets— realm, tit ...
of the ducal
House of Lorraine
The House of Lorraine (german: link=no, Haus Lothringen) originated as a cadet branch of the House of Metz. It inherited the Duchy of Lorraine in 1473 after the death without a male heir of Nicholas I, Duke of Lorraine. By the marriage of Fra ...
that became known as the
House of Guise
The House of Guise (pronunciation: ˇÉĄiz Dutch: ''Wieze, German: Wiese'') was a prominent French noble family, that was involved heavily in the French Wars of Religion. The House of Guise was the founding house of the Principality of Joinvil ...
, headed by
Claude of Lorraine. In 1528, the county was elevated to a dukedom and
peerage of France
The Peerage of France (french: Pairie de France) was a hereditary distinction within the French nobility which appeared in 1180 in the Middle Ages.
The prestigious title and position of Peer of France (french: Pair de France, links=no) was ...
for him. The Dukes of Guise and their sons played a prominent role in the
French Wars of Religion
The French Wars of Religion is the term which is used in reference to a period of civil war between French Catholics and Protestants, commonly called Huguenots, which lasted from 1562 to 1598. According to estimates, between two and four mi ...
, during which they were the leaders of the ultra-Catholic faction.
This dukedom became extinct in 1688, and the lands attached to it passed to the
Princess Palatine Anne, a great-granddaughter of
Charles of Lorraine-Guise, Duke of Mayenne – although she was not the heiress in strict primogeniture, that being the
Duke of Mantua. The dukedom was recreated for Anne and her husband,
Henri Jules de Bourbon, Prince of Condé in 1704.
On the extinction of the
Bourbon-
Condé family in 1830, the Guise dukedom was inherited by the
House of Orléans
The 4th House of Orléans (french: Maison d'Orléans), sometimes called the House of Bourbon-Orléans (french: link=no, Maison de Bourbon-Orléans) to distinguish it, is the fourth holder of a surname previously used by several branches of the Ro ...
, descendants of Anne's granddaughter
Louise Henriette de Bourbon
Louise Henriette de Bourbon (20 June 1726 – 9 February 1759), ''Mademoiselle de Conti'' at birth, was a French princess, who, by marriage, became Duchess of Chartres (1743–1752), then Duchess of Orléans (1752–1759) upon the death of her fat ...
, Duchess of Orleans.
Louis Philippe of Orléans having become King of the French in 1830, henceforth the title ''Duke of Guise'' was used as a courtesy title for members of this family after it was
deposed
Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician or monarch.
ORB: The Online Reference for Med ...
and went into exile in 1848, firstly for three sons of
Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...
, and then for Prince Jean, son of
Robert d'Orléans, Duke of Chartres. In 1926,
Jean, Duke of Guise became the
Orléanist
Orléanist (french: Orléaniste) was a 19th-century French political label originally used by those who supported a constitutional monarchy expressed by the House of Orléans. Due to the radical political changes that occurred during that cent ...
claimant to the throne of France as "Jean III".
Counts of Guise (1417–1481 and 1491–1528)
House of Anjou
*
RenĂ© I of Naples (RenĂ©) (1417–1425)
House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg ( lb, D'LĂ«tzebuerger Haus; french: Maison de Luxembourg; german: Haus Luxemburg) or Luxembourg dynasty was a royal family of the Holy Roman Empire in the Late Middle Ages, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as kin ...
The House of Luxembourg had disputed the countship of Guise, and with the approval of
John, Duke of Bedford, English Regent of France, seized the county in 1425.
*
John, Count of Ligny (John I) (1425–1441)
*
Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol
Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, of Brienne, de Ligny, and Conversano (1418 – 19 December 1475) belonged to the Ligny branch of the House of Luxemburg and was Constable of France.
Life
Saint-Pol was the eldest son of Peter of Luxembou ...
(Louis I) (1441–1444)
House of Anjou
The marriage of
Charles of Le Maine
Charles du Maine (1414–1472) was a French prince of blood and an advisor to Charles VII of France, his brother-in-law, during the Hundred Years' War. He was the third son of Louis II, Duke of Anjou and King of Naples, and Yolande of Aragon.
...
, younger brother of René, to Isabelle of Luxembourg, sister of Louis, allowed him to peacefully recover Guise.
*
Charles of Le Maine
Charles du Maine (1414–1472) was a French prince of blood and an advisor to Charles VII of France, his brother-in-law, during the Hundred Years' War. He was the third son of Louis II, Duke of Anjou and King of Naples, and Yolande of Aragon.
...
(Charles I) (1444–1472)
*
Charles IV, Duke of Anjou
Charles IV, Duke of Anjou, also Charles of Maine, Count of Le Maine and Guise (1446 – 10 December 1481) was the son of the Angevin prince Charles of Le Maine, Count of Maine and Isabelle of Luxembourg.
He succeeded his father as Count of Maine ...
(Charles II) (1472–1481)
House of Armagnac
The House of Armagnac is a French noble house established in 961 by Bernard I, Count of Armagnac. It achieved its greatest importance in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
The House of Armagnac, at the end of the thirteenth century, was not y ...
–
House of Rohan
Charles IV left his lands to the Crown, but Guise was granted to his nephew Louis in 1491.
*
Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours
Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours (1472; Normandy, France – 28 April 1503; Cerignola, Italy), was a French nobleman, politician and military commander who served as Viceroy of Naples during the Third Italian War (1502-1504). He was known for m ...
(Louis II) (1491–1503)
*Marguerite d'Armagnac, duchesse de Nemours (Marguerite) (d. 1503)
**held by her husband ''Pierre de Rohan-GiĂ©'' (Peter) (1503–1504)
*Charlotte d'Armagnac, duchesse de Nemours (Charlotte) (d. 1504)
**held by her husband ''Charles de Rohan-GiĂ©'' (Charles III) (1504–1520)
House of Lorraine
The House of Lorraine (german: link=no, Haus Lothringen) originated as a cadet branch of the House of Metz. It inherited the Duchy of Lorraine in 1473 after the death without a male heir of Nicholas I, Duke of Lorraine. By the marriage of Fra ...
In 1520, the
Parlement of Paris
The Parliament of Paris (french: Parlement de Paris) was the oldest ''parlement'' in the Kingdom of France, formed in the 14th century. It was fixed in Paris by Philip IV of France in 1302. The Parliament of Paris would hold sessions inside the ...
awarded the countship of Guise to
Claude of Lorraine, second son of
René II of Lorraine
René (''born again'' or ''reborn'' in French) is a common first name in French-speaking, Spanish-speaking, and German-speaking countries. It derives from the Latin name Renatus.
René is the masculine form of the name ( Renée being the feminin ...
(the grandson of
René I of Naples) and heir to his French possessions. The countship was elevated to a dukedom in 1528.
*
Claude de Lorraine (Claude) (1520–1528)
Dukes of Guise (1528–1688 and 1704–1830)
House of Guise
The House of Guise (pronunciation: ˇÉĄiz Dutch: ''Wieze, German: Wiese'') was a prominent French noble family, that was involved heavily in the French Wars of Religion. The House of Guise was the founding house of the Principality of Joinvil ...
*
Claude, Duke of Guise
Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise (20 October 1496 – 12 April 1550) was a French aristocrat and general. He became the first Duke of Guise in 1528.
He was a highly effective general for the French crown. His children and grandchildren were to ...
(1496–1550; s.1528) (Claude) (Father of
Mary of Guise mother of
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567.
The only surviving legitimate child of James V of S ...
)
*
Francis (1519–1563; s. 1550), son of the above;
*
Henry I Henry I may refer to:
876–1366
* Henry I the Fowler, King of Germany (876–936)
* Henry I, Duke of Bavaria (died 955)
* Henry I of Austria, Margrave of Austria (died 1018)
* Henry I of France (1008–1060)
* Henry I the Long, Margrave of the ...
(1550–1588; s. 1563), son of the above;
*
Charles (1571–1640; s. 1588), son of the above;
*
Henry II (1614–1664; s. 1640), son of the above;
*
Louis Joseph (1650–1671; s. 1664), nephew of the above;
*
Francis Joseph (1670–1675 s. 1671), son of the above;
*
Marie
Marie may refer to:
People Name
* Marie (given name)
* Marie (Japanese given name)
* Marie (murder victim), girl who was killed in Florida after being pushed in front of a moving vehicle in 1973
* Marie (died 1759), an enslaved Cree person in Tr ...
(1615–1688; s.1675), sister of Henry II.
Marie did not marry and had no descendants. She willed Guise to a relative, Charles François de Stainville on 8 January 1688. This was undone by the
Parlement of Paris
The Parliament of Paris (french: Parlement de Paris) was the oldest ''parlement'' in the Kingdom of France, formed in the 14th century. It was fixed in Paris by Philip IV of France in 1302. The Parliament of Paris would hold sessions inside the ...
at the request of other claimants to the estate, among whom was the wife of France's ''
premier prince du sang''
Anne Henriette of Bavaria,
Princess of Condé, a great-granddaughter of
Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne through
her mother. In this way the lands of the House of Guise—and later the ducal title—came to the
House of Bourbon-Condé.
House of Bourbon-Condé
*
Anne Henriette of Bavaria (1648–1723), 3rd cousin of
Louis Joseph;
*
Henry III (1643–1709), husband of the above;
*
Louis II (Louis II) (1668–1710), son of the above;
*
Louis III Henry (1692–1740), son of the above;
*
Louis IV Joseph (1736–1818), son of the above;
*
Louis V Henry (1756–1830), son of the above.
Afterwards, the title was extinguished and no longer bestowed. It returned to the
royal domain. Louis Henri though left his estate to his godson,
Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale. He was bestowed with the personal title of Duke of Guise by
Louis-Philippe, King of the French, his grandfather, in 1847.
House of Bourbon-Orléans
A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air condit ...
From here on the title became a courtesy title used by the
House of Orléans
The 4th House of Orléans (french: Maison d'Orléans), sometimes called the House of Bourbon-Orléans (french: link=no, Maison de Bourbon-Orléans) to distinguish it, is the fourth holder of a surname previously used by several branches of the Ro ...
.
*Henri d'Orléans (1847–1847) son of
Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale
*François Paul d'Orléans (1852–1852) brother of Henri
*François Louis d'Orléans (1854–1872) brother of Henri and François Paul
*
Jean d'Orléans (1874–1940) grandson of
Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans
Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans (Ferdinand Philippe Louis Charles Henri Joseph; 3 September 1810 – 13 July 1842) was the eldest son of King Louis Philippe I of France and Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily. He was born in exile in his moth ...
See also
*
House of Guise
The House of Guise (pronunciation: ˇÉĄiz Dutch: ''Wieze, German: Wiese'') was a prominent French noble family, that was involved heavily in the French Wars of Religion. The House of Guise was the founding house of the Principality of Joinvil ...
*
Countesses and Duchesses of Guise
{{DEFAULTSORT:Counts And Dukes of Guise
Guise
Guise (; nl, Wieze) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. The city was the birthplace of the noble family of Guise, Dukes of Guise, who later became Princes of Joinville.
Population
Sights
The remains ...
Guise
Guise (; nl, Wieze) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. The city was the birthplace of the noble family of Guise, Dukes of Guise, who later became Princes of Joinville.
Population
Sights
The remains ...
Guise
Guise (; nl, Wieze) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. The city was the birthplace of the noble family of Guise, Dukes of Guise, who later became Princes of Joinville.
Population
Sights
The remains ...