Corbeil-Essonnes () on the

River Seine ) , mouth_location = Le Havre/Honfleur , mouth_coordinates = , mouth_elevation = , progression = , river_system = Seine basin , basin_size = , tributaries_left = Yonne, Loing, Eure, Risle , tributari ...

is a commune in the southern suburbs of

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...

, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Although neighboring Évry is the official seat of the

Arrondissement of Évry The arrondissement of Évry is an arrondissement of France in the Essonne department in the Île-de-France region. It has 51 communes. Its population is 539,918 (2019), and its area is . Composition The communes of the arrondissement of Évry, ...

, the

sub-prefecture A subprefecture is an administrative division of a country that is below prefecture or province. Albania There are twelve Albanian counties or prefectures, each of which is divided into several districts, sometimes translated as subprefectures. ...

building and administration are located inside the commune of Corbeil-Essonnes.

History

Traces of human presence in the area date to the

Palaeolithic The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic (), also called the Old Stone Age (from Greek: παλαιός '' palaios'', "old" and λίθος ''lithos'', "stone"), is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone too ...

and

Neolithic The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several pa ...

ages; later it was a Gallo-Roman settlement on the main road from Paris to

Sens Sens () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, 120 km from Paris. Sens is a sub-prefecture and the second city of the department, the sixth in the region. It is crossed by the Yonne an ...

. The name Corbeil is derived from the Latin ''Corbulium'', from the

Gaulish Gaulish was an ancient Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire. In the narrow sense, Gaulish was the language of the Celts of Gaul (now France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switze ...

''cor beel'', meaning "holy house". Since the time of Aymon, comte de Corbeil (died 957), to the 12th century it was the chief town of a powerful county, which passed to

Mauger Mauger may refer to: *Mauger (French name), a Norman surname *Mauger (Jamaican Patois term), a term used in rural Jamaica for a thin woman People with the given name *Mauger of Hauteville (died 1050s), son of Tancred of Hauteville *Mauger (Archbis ...

, son of

Richard I of Normandy Richard I (28 August 932 – 20 November 996), also known as Richard the Fearless (French: ''Richard Sans-Peur''; Old Norse: ''Jarl Rikard''), was the count of Rouen from 942 to 996.Detlev Schwennicke, '' Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln ...

. William de Corbeil (died 1136) became

archbishop of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Just ...

, but nothing is known for certain about his parentage. The

Gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...

church was built in the tenth century and rebuilt in the fifteenth century. Before the expulsion of the Jews Corbeil had a flourishing Jewish community, which numbered thirteenth-century scholars

Isaac ben Joseph of Corbeil Isaac ben Joseph of Corbeil (died 1280) ( he, יצחק בן יוסף מקורבי"ל) was a 13th-century French rabbi and tosafist, best known as the author of ''Sefer Mitzvot Ḳatan.'' Biography Isaac was the son-in-law of R. Yechiel of Paris ...

and

Perez ben Elijah Perez ben Elijah of Corbeil (died 1295) was a French tosafist, son of the Talmudist Elijah of Tours. In Talmudic literature he is designated by the abbreviations RaP (= Rabbeinu Perez), RaPaSh (= Rabbeinu Perez, may he live), and MaHaRPaSh (= our m ...

. Peter of Corbeil (died 1222) was the teacher of Lotario de' Conti, who became pope as

Innocent III Pope Innocent III ( la, Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1198 to his death in 16 ...

. Representatives of the king of France signed two treaties of Corbeil in the town, the Treaty of Corbeil (1258) between France and Aragon and the Treaty of Corbeil (1326) between France and Scotland. Corbeil was besieged by the Duke of Burgundy in 1418. The Protestants of France attacked it in 1562 amidst the religious war called the First Civil War. In 1590 General Alessandro Farnese, who had come to the assistance of the

Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

s in France, fought at Corbeil. The composer

Camille Saint-Saëns Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns (; 9 October 183516 December 1921) was a French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic music, Romantic era. His best-known works include Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso (1863), the Piano C ...

lived in Corbeil for some years of his youth. The commune of Corbeil-Essonnes was created on 10 August 1951 by the merger of the commune of Corbeil with the commune of Essonnes. The commune town hall ('' mairie'') is located in Corbeil. Inhabitants of Corbeil-Essonnes are known as ''Corbeil-Essonnois''.

Population

The population data given in the table and graph below for 1946 and earlier refer to the former commune of Corbeil.

Economy

In the 19th century, Corbeil-Essonnes was a centre of the flour-milling industry. Essonnes also had notable papermills. Today, X-Fab France SAS is headquartered here and operates a

semiconductor fabrication plant In the microelectronics industry, a semiconductor fabrication plant (commonly called a fab; sometimes foundry) is a factory where devices such as integrated circuits are manufactured. Fabs require many expensive devices to function. Estimates ...

. The site includes 25000 square meters of

cleanroom A cleanroom or clean room is an engineered space, which maintains a very low concentration of airborne particulates. It is well isolated, well-controlled from contamination, and actively cleansed. Such rooms are commonly needed for scientif ...

s and a design center. The fab had been founded by IBM in 1964. In 1999 it was transferred into a joint venture between IBM and

Infineon Infineon Technologies AG is a German semiconductor manufacturer founded in 1999, when the semiconductor operations of the former parent company Siemens AG were spun off. Infineon has about 50,280 employees and is one of the ten largest semicond ...

, operating under the name ''Altis Semiconductor''^{( fr)}. In 2010 it was sold to

Yazid Sabeg Yazid Sabeg (born 8 January 1950 in Guelma, Algeria), is the president of the administrative council of the French high-technology firm CS Communication and Systems and also a member of the French Institute of International and Strategic Relat ...

for one symbolic Euro. X-Fab acquired the assets of insolvent Altis in 2016.

Safran Aircraft Engines Safran Aircraft Engines, previously Snecma (''Société nationale d'études et de construction de moteurs d'aviation'') or Snecma Moteurs, is a French aerospace engine manufacturer headquartered in Courcouronnes and a subsidiary of Safran. It ...

has a plant in Corbeil.

Transport

Corbeil-Essonnes is served by Corbeil-Essonnes station which is an interchange station on Paris RER line D. Corbeil-Essonnes is also served by Essonnes-Robinson station and by Moulin-Galant station on Paris RER line D. The town is crossed by the EuroVelo 3 track.

Education

There are about 40 schools in Corbeil-Essonnes. Junior high schools: * Collège Chantemerle * Collège La Nacelle * Collège Louise Michel * Collège Saint-Spire * Collège Sédar Senghor Senior high schools/Sixth-form colleges: * Lycée Robert Doisneau * Lycée polyvalent Saint Léon

Notable people

* Nigel Atangana, footballer *

Jean-Sylvain Babin Jean-Sylvain Claude Babin (born 14 October 1986) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Spanish club AD Alcorcón. He all but spent his professional career in Spain, appearing for Granada and Sporting de Gijón in La Liga an ...

, footballer *

Dylan Bahamboula Dylan Ozan Moyo Bahamboula (born 22 May 1995) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Scottish Premiership club Livingston. Born in France, he represents the Republic of the Congo at international level. Club career Bahambo ...

, footballer * Demba Diagouraga, footballer * Claude Dauphin, actor * Damien Mozika, footballer *

Félicien Rops Félicien Victor Joseph Rops (7 July 1833 – 23 August 1898) was a Belgian artist associated with Symbolism and the Parisian Fin-de Siecle. He was a painter, illustrator, caricaturist and a prolific and innovative print maker, particularly in ...

(1833-1898) Belgian artist and illustrator Lee Revens and J.-K. Huysmans (1975) The Graphic Work of Félicien Rops. Léon Amiel Publisher, New York, 288 pp. *

Hadi Sacko Hadi Sacko (born 24 March 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Turkish club Adanaspor. Born in France, he represents the Mali national team, having made his debut in 2018. He is a former French youth international. C ...

, footballer * PNL, French rappers * MMZ, French rappers * William de Corbeil, medieval Archbishop of Canterbury *

Walid Regragui Hoalid Regragui (born 23 September 1975), known as Walid Regragui ( ar, وليد الركراكي, Walīd ar-Ragrāgī), is a Moroccan professional football manager and former player who played as a right-back. He is the head coach of the Mor ...

, French-Moroccan football coach

Twin towns

Alzira Alzira may refer to: * ''Alzira'' (opera), an opera by Giuseppe Verdi *Alzira, Valencia Alzira ( es, Alcira) is a city and municipality of 45.088 inhabitants (62,094 floating population) in Valencia, eastern Spain. It is the capital of the ''coma ...

, Spain, since 1991 * Belinho e Mar (Esposende), Portugal, since 2000 *

Bishopbriggs Bishopbriggs ( sco, The Briggs; gd, Achadh an Easbaig) is a town in East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It lies on the northern fringe of Greater Glasgow, approximately from the city centre. Historically in Lanarkshire, the area was once part of ...

, Scotland, since 1989 * Sindelfingen, Germany, since 1961