The (, ''lit.'' ''Superior Audiovisual Council''), abbreviated CSA, was a French institution created in 1989 whose role was to regulate the various electronic media in France, such as radio and television. The creation of the was a measure founded in the
Socialist Party
Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of ...
's electoral program of 1981, called
110 Propositions for France.
The CSA replaced the (CNCL), which itself replaced the , created in 1982 to supervise the attribution of radio frequencies to the private radio sector, which was judged better than allowing the anarchic creation of the ("free radios"), mainly composed of amateurs and NGOs.
The CSA always acted
after content was shown on a TV channel or heard on a radio, so it was not a
censorship
Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient". Censorship can be conducted by governments ...
instance. Notably, the CSA asked the
Government of France
The Government of France (French: ''Gouvernement français''), officially the Government of the French Republic (''Gouvernement de la République française'' ), exercises executive power in France. It is composed of the Prime Minister, who ...
to forbid
Al-Manar TV in 2005 because of charges of
hate speech
Hate speech is defined by the ''Cambridge Dictionary'' as "public speech that expresses hate or encourages violence towards a person or group based on something such as race, religion, sex, or sexual orientation". Hate speech is "usually thoug ...
; it also claimed that
MED TV
MED TV was the first Kurdish satellite TV with studios in London, England and Denderleeuw, Belgium. MED TV broadcast programs mainly in six languages, Kurdish (Sorani and Kurmanji dialects), Zaza, English, Arabic, Assyrian and Turkish.
Prog ...
was close to the
Kurdish PKK
The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK is a Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movement, which historically operated throughout Kurdistan, but is now primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of sout ...
, on grounds not of "evidences" but of "concording elements".
On September 24, 2019,
Franck Riester
Franck Riester (born 3 January 1974) is a French politician who has been serving as Minister Delegate for Parliamentary Relations in the Government of Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne since July 2022. He previously served as Minister Delegate for ...
announced that the bill relating to audiovisual communication and cultural sovereignty in the digital age examined by the National Assembly in the first half of 2020 would include the merger of the CSA and
HADOPI to form the
Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication (; ARCOM). The bill is put on hold until April 8, 2022 when it is presented to the Council of Ministers under the name "bill relating to the regulation and protection of access to cultural works in the digital age". The merger became effective on January 1, 2022.
Last members
''(as of December 2021)''
*
Roch-Olivier Maistre (president)
"Roch-Olivier Maistre président du CSA : le parlement confirme"
'' France Info'', 30 January 2019
* Carole Bienaimé-Besse
* Nicolas Curien
* Hervé Godechot
* Michèle Léridon
* Jean-François Mary
* Nathalie Sonnac
Pictograms
The following pictograms are proposed to the different TV channels. Channels are responsible for displaying the right pictogram depending on the show and its time of broadcast. Note that –18 can be either non-pornographic (like the movie '' Ken Park'') or pornographic.
File:Moins10.svg, Discouraged to persons under 10
File:Moins12.svg, Discouraged to persons under 12
File:Moins16.svg, Discouraged to persons under 16
File:Moins18.svg, Discouraged to persons under 18
See also
* Pirate radio in France
Pirate radio exists in most countries in Europe.
Belgium (from international waters)
(See also Netherlands; many Dutch language stations were aimed at both countries)
*1962
::Radio Antwerpen broadcast from the concrete vessel ''Uilenspiege ...
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Conseil Superieur De L'audiovisuel
Mass media in France
Entertainment rating organizations
Government agencies of France
1989 establishments in France
Government agencies established in 1989