CommonJS is a project with the goal to establish conventions on the

module Module, modular and modularity may refer to the concept of modularity. They may also refer to: Computing and engineering * Modular design, the engineering discipline of designing complex devices using separately designed sub-components * Modul ...

ecosystem for

JavaScript JavaScript (), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. As of 2022, 98% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior, of ...

outside of the

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. The primary reason for its creation was a major lack of commonly accepted forms of JavaScript module units which could be reusable in environments different from that provided by conventional web browsers running JavaScript scripts (e.g. web servers or native desktop applications). CommonJS's module specification is widely used today, in particular for server-side JavaScript programming with Node.js. It is also used in the development of browser-side JavaScript, but the code must be packaged with a transpiler since browsers don't support CommonJS. The other major module specification in use is the

ECMAScript ECMAScript (; ES) is a JavaScript standard intended to ensure the interoperability of web pages across different browsers. It is standardized by Ecma International in the documenECMA-262 ECMAScript is commonly used for client-side scripti ...

(ES) modules specification (ES6 modules aka ES2015 modules). CommonJS can be recognized by the use of the require() function and module.exports, while ES modules use import and export statements for similar (though not identical) functionality.

History

The project was started by

Mozilla Mozilla (stylized as moz://a) is a free software community founded in 1998 by members of Netscape. The Mozilla community uses, develops, spreads and supports Mozilla products, thereby promoting exclusively free software and open standards, ...

engineer Kevin Dangoor in January, 2009 and initially named ServerJS. In August 2009, the project was renamed ''CommonJS'' to show the broader applicability of the APIs. Specifications are created and approved in an open process. A specification is only considered ''final'' after it has been finished by multiple implementations. CommonJS is not affiliated with the

Ecma International Ecma International () is a nonprofit standards organization for information and communication systems. It acquired its current name in 1994, when the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) changed its name to reflect the organization ...

group TC39 working on

, but some members of TC39 participate in the project.

Specifications

The list of specifications includes:

Current

Proposals

The proposals cover much more than modules. They intend to define a set of APIs that are useful both for non-web JavaScript implementations, with standardized package names to provide interoperability within the ecosystem. This goal sometimes overlaps with that of TC39, and parts such as Promises have indeed made it into ECMAScript itself. The part after the slash is the version. When a proposal is in contention, each individual proposal (including sequential revisions from the same author) is assigned a new letter. When the main direction is known it starts being assigned numeric versions.

Implementations

References

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Commonjs JavaScript