Comfa
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Comfa (or Komfa) is a folk religion in Guyana also known as Spiritualism or Faithism. The word "Comfa" is used by non-practitioners as a generic term for spirit possession in Guyana. However, the word "Comfa" is also a term to define the greater folk religion involving spirit possession originating in Guyana.


History

The origins of Comfa come from the many religious traditions of the many peoples who settled in Guyana. Of these beliefs the main influences are from African traditional practices, specifically
Kongo religion Kongo religion ( KiKongo: BuKongo) is a broad set of traditional beliefs from the KiKongo speaking peoples. The faith bases itself on a complex Animistic system and a Pantheon of various gods and spirits. The idea of a high god named Nzambi Mpu ...
, Christianity and some elements from indigenous peoples. The main Kongo influences on Comfa are the cosmology believed and the idea that the world can be altered through the creation and use of charms. It is also linked to the Ghanaian practice of Akom, which involves spirit possess or trance dancing. The name is taken from "Okomfa" the traditional priests in Ghana, the most well known being Okomfo Anokye who summoned the golden stool to establish the Ashanti empire. Comfa can be traced back to early worship of the water spirit "Watermamma" (known as Mami Wata elsewhere) amongst enslaved Guyanese. After emancipation Christian missionaries began to try populate Guiana and their teachings began to influence early Comfa beliefs. By the 1880s a man named Joseph MacLaren from Grenada along with Nathaniel Jordan founded a church in Guiana and formally began teaching Comfa practices under the title of "Faithism," popularly called the Jordanites.


Beliefs


Cosmology

The cosmos are made up of a realm known as the "Heights" inhabited by Christian figures like angels, biblical prophets, and apostles. At the center of the universe is nature and humans. Below the natural world is the "Terrestrial Realm" where dead souls dwell. God resides outside of these realms because he is the creator and protector of all things, because these spirits have already gone through life they possess a wisdom to advise those who are currently living. Of these spirits there are differences: there are entrees, deities, family, and friends spirits. The entrees are spirits embodying seven different ethnic groups that shaped Guyana: Africans, Indigenous people, Chinese, Dutch, East Indians, English, and Spanish. The deity spirits are the
Hindu Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...
gods. The family and friends spirits are those who are family or friends of the deities or entrees. The terrestrial spirits reside in the sea and in creeks but spirits still close to Mother Earth may still reside on Earth. Mother Earth is the entity that spurs on life on Earth. Within Mother Earth rests graveyard residing spirits and wandering spirits who have been called for but never returned to the graveyard. Orisha worship and
Ifa IFA or Ifa may refer to: Organisations Economics * Independent financial adviser, a type of financial services professional in the UK * Index Fund Advisors * Institute and Faculty of Actuaries, representing actuaries in the UK * Institute of Ac ...
practices coming from
Yoruba religion The Yoruba religion (Yoruba: Ìṣẹ̀ṣe), or Isese, comprises the traditional religious and spiritual concepts and practice of the Yoruba people. Its homeland is in present-day Southwestern Nigeria, which comprises the majority of Oyo, Og ...
are also present in the practices and worldview of Comfa.


Worship

At Celestial Services a worshiper may pray to god and ask for things he/she desires, and certain spirits may be asked to assist in realizing these desires. At a Work service the spirits of an Entree may be called upon while practitioners dance to the beat of drums. Spirits may pass by and manifest themselves in the practitioners.


See also

*
Kumina Kumina is an Afro-Jamaican religion. Kumina has practices that include secular ceremonies, dance and music that developed from the beliefs and traditions brought to the island by Kongo enslaved people and indentured labourers, from the Congo r ...
*
Myal Myal is an Afro-Jamaican spirituality. It developed via the creolization of African religions during the slave era in Jamaica. It incorporates ritualistic magic, spiritual possession and dancing. Unlike Obeah, its practices focus more on the conne ...


References

{{Afro-American Religions Afro-American religion Guyanese culture Religion in Guyana Kongo culture