The Collegium Fridericianum (also known as the Friedrichskolleg, Friedrichskollegium, and Friedrichs-Kollegium) was a prestigious gymnasium in

Königsberg Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was ...

Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an e ...

. Alumni were known as ''Friderizianer''.Gause, p. 716

History

Postcard ca. 1930

18th century

Using the Francke school of

Halle (Saale) Halle (Saale), or simply Halle (; from the 15th to the 17th century: ''Hall in Sachsen''; until the beginning of the 20th century: ''Halle an der Saale'' ; from 1965 to 1995: ''Halle/Saale'') is the largest city of the German state of Saxony-An ...

as a model, Theodor Gehr (died 1705), an official of

Brandenburg-Prussia Brandenburg-Prussia (german: Brandenburg-Preußen; ) is the historiographic denomination for the early modern realm of the Brandenburgian Hohenzollerns between 1618 and 1701. Based in the Electorate of Brandenburg, the main branch of the Hohe ...

, founded a

Pietist Pietism (), also known as Pietistic Lutheranism, is a movement within Lutheranism that combines its emphasis on biblical doctrine with an emphasis on individual piety and living a holy Christianity, Christian life, including a social concern for ...

private school in

Sackheim Sackheim was a quarter of eastern Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of the Leningradsky District of Kaliningrad, Russia. History Although it was documented in 1326,Albinus, p. 267 Sackheim already existed as an Old Prussian farm ...

on 11 August 1698.Wiese, p. 151 It became a royal school of

Frederick I Frederick I may refer to: * Frederick of Utrecht or Frederick I (815/16–834/38), Bishop of Utrecht. * Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine (942–978) * Frederick I, Duke of Swabia (1050–1105) * Frederick I, Count of Zoll ...

, King in Prussia, on 4 March 1701.Armstedt, p. 119 For 16,000 guilder in 1703, it acquired the hall of Obermarschall von Creytzen on Collegiengasse in eastern

Löbenicht View of Löbenicht from the Pregel, including its church and gymnasium, as well as the nearby Propsteikirche Löbenicht ( lt, Lyvenikė; pl, Lipnik) was a quarter of central Königsberg, Germany. During the Middle Ages it was the weakest ...

Albinus, p. 90 and was designated the Collegium Fridericianum or Friedrichskolleg in honor of Frederick on 10 May. The Pietist school was the first in Königsberg not to be affiliated with a parish church. The school's first director in 1702 was Heinrich Lysius (1670-1731) of

Flensburg Flensburg (; Danish, Low Saxon: ''Flensborg''; North Frisian: ''Flansborj''; South Jutlandic: ''Flensborre'') is an independent town (''kreisfreie Stadt'') in the north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. Flensburg is the centre of the ...

, pastor of Löbenicht Church. The school received an organ built by Johann Josua Mosengel in 1707. The Collegium was admired by King

Frederick William I of Prussia Frederick William I (german: Friedrich Wilhelm I.; 14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the "Soldier King" (german: Soldatenkönig), was King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740, as well as Prince of Neu ...

; in a decree on 25 October 1735 the king mentioned the school as an example for other schools in Prussia. Over 50

Baltic German Baltic Germans (german: Deutsch-Balten or , later ) were ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia. Since their coerced resettlement in 1939, Baltic Germans have markedly declined ...

students went to the school before attending university in the 18th century.

Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and ...

began attending the school in 1732, while

Johann Gottfried Herder Johann Gottfried von Herder ( , ; 25 August 174418 December 1803) was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic. He is associated with the Enlightenment, '' Sturm und Drang'', and Weimar Classicism. Biography Born in Mohr ...

taught there from 1763 to 1764. The school consisted of a

Latin school The Latin school was the grammar school of 14th- to 19th-century Europe, though the latter term was much more common in England. Emphasis was placed, as the name indicates, on learning to use Latin. The education given at Latin schools gave gre ...

, a German school, and a boarding school often used by foreign students. It also contained a wooden tower utilized as an observatory and a small church in service until 1853.

19th century

The Collegium was elevated to a gymnasium on 4 September 1810, the first in Prussia, under the direction of

Friedrich August Gotthold Friedrich may refer to: Names *Friedrich (surname), people with the surname ''Friedrich'' *Friedrich (given name), people with the given name ''Friedrich'' Other *Friedrich (board game), a board game about Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' ...

. The school had three teachers and eighteen

Abitur ''Abitur'' (), often shortened colloquially to ''Abi'', is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany. It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of ISCED 3, usually after twelve or thirteen ye ...

students volunteer during the

War of the Sixth Coalition In the War of the Sixth Coalition (March 1813 – May 1814), sometimes known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation, a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, and a number of German States defeated F ...

in 1813, with ten dying during the fighting, including three at Großgörschen. Eight representatives of the 1848

Frankfurt Parliament The Frankfurt Parliament (german: Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, literally ''Frankfurt National Assembly'') was the first freely elected parliament for all German states, including the German-populated areas of Austria-Hungary, elected on 1 Ma ...

were ''Friderizianer'':

Eduard von Simson Martin Sigismund Eduard von Simson (10 November 1810 – 2 May 1899) was a German jurist and distinguished liberal politician of the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, who served as President of the Frankfurt Parliament as well as the first Pr ...

Georg Bernhard Simson Georg may refer to: * ''Georg'' (film), 1997 *Georg (musical), Estonian musical * Georg (given name) * Georg (surname) * , a Kriegsmarine coastal tanker See also * George (disambiguation) George may refer to: People * George (given name) * G ...

Friedrich Wilhelm Schubert Friedrich Wilhelm Schubert (20 May 1799 in Königsberg – 21 July 1868 in Königsberg) was a German historian. He studied at the universities of Königsberg and Berlin, becoming an associate professor at Königsberg in 1823. In 1826 he was na ...

Ludwig Wilhelm zu Dohna-Lauck Ludwig may refer to: People and fictional characters * Ludwig (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Ludwig (surname), including a list of people * Ludwig Ahgren Ludwig Anders Ahgren (born July 6, 1995), known mo ...

Johann August Muttray Johann, typically a male given name, is the German form of ''Iohannes'', which is the Latin form of the Greek name ''Iōánnēs'' (), itself derived from Hebrew name '' Yochanan'' () in turn from its extended form (), meaning "Yahweh is Gracious" ...

, Gustav von Saltzwedel, Anton von Wegnern, and

Johann Jacoby Johann Jacoby (1 May 1805 – 6 March 1877) was a Left-wing German-Jewish politician. Biography The son of a Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) merchant, Gerson Jacoby, and his wife, Lea Jonas, Jacoby studied medicine at the Albertina University of ...

. The gymnasium's building was dismantled and rebuilt in 1853, with the new structure dedicated on 17 October 1855. In 1858 the 36,000 volume library of Director

was donated to the Royal and University Library. The gymnasium counted 508 students in 1865. During the Franco-Prussian War the school's volunteers included two teachers and nine students, all of whom survived the war. In 1890 the Prussian government acquired the property of the stately Groß Jägerhof on Jägerhofstraße between Königstraße and Vorder-Roßgarten. The school moved into this new property, which was remodeled by

Ernst von Ihne Ernst is both a surname and a given name, the German, Dutch, and Scandinavian form of Ernest. Notable people with the name include: Surname * Adolf Ernst (1832–1899) German botanist known by the author abbreviation "Ernst" * Anton Ernst (1975- ...

and dedicated in 1893. The Collegium's former location on Collegiengasse was later used by the Burgschule. The teacher Gustav Zippel began a history of the Friedrichskollegium to commemorate its bicentennial in 1898.

20th century

In 1901 the Friedrichskollegium consisted of 32 teachers and 845 students; it was the largest school in Königsberg prior to

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

. By 1902 its faculty library consisted of 9,000 volumes and its student library had 1,200 volumes.Wiese, p. 152 Upon the outbreak of war in 1914, 20 teachers and 139 students volunteered for service, with hundreds following during the course of the war. Casualties included three teachers and fifty students. The gymnasium was destroyed during the 1944 Bombing of Königsberg in World War II, with interim classes ceasing in January 1945. At least 160 representatives of the school had been killed during the war or in its aftermath by 1948. The

Landfermann-Gymnasium Landfermann-Gymnasium (LfG) is situated in the city centre of Duisburg, Germany. It is a municipal grammar school A grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other Engl ...

Duisburg Duisburg () is a city in the Ruhr metropolitan area of the western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Lying on the confluence of the Rhine and the Ruhr rivers in the center of the Rhine-Ruhr Region, Duisburg is the 5th largest city in ...

has sponsored the traditions of the former Friedrichskollegium through several endowments since 28 May 1955.

Notable people

Directors

* Heinrich Lysius (1670-1731), from 1702–1731 * Georg Friedrich Rogall (1701-1733), from 1731–1733 * Franz Albert Schultz (1692-1763), from 1733–1763 *

(1778-1858), from 1810–1852 * Johannes Horkel (1820-1861), from 1852–1860 * Theodor Adler, from 1861–1863 * Gustav Heinrich Wagner (1820-1878), from 1863 * Albert Lehnerdt (1827-1897) * Georg Ellendt (1840-1908), from 1891-1908 * Paul Glogau, from 1908-1913 * Alfred Rausch (1858-1939), from 1913-1923 * Bruno Schumacher (1879-1957), from 1934-1945

Teachers

* Friedrich Wilhelm Barthold (1799-1858), historian * Johann Wilhelm Ebel (1784-1861), theologian * Xaver von Hasenkamp (1826-1911), editor of the '' Königsberger Hartungsche Zeitung'' *

(1744-1803), philosopher * Heinrich Otto Hoffmann (1816-1893), mathematician *

Karl Lachmann Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann (; 4 March 1793 – 13 March 1851) was a German philologist and critic. He is particularly noted for his foundational contributions to the field of textual criticism. Biography Lachmann was born in Brun ...

(1793-1851), philologist * Karl Marold (1850-1909), Germanist * Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius (1764-1855), translator * Otto Schöndorffer (1887-1926), philologist * Ernst Gustav Zaddach (1817-1880), zoologist * Hugo Albert Nehrenheim, teacher

Students

* Paul Adloff (1870-1944), dentist and anthropologist * Adolf von Batocki (1868-1944), Governor of East Prussia * Hermann Bobrik (1814-1845), historian and geographer *

Karl Böttcher __NOTOC__ Karl Böttcher (25 October 1889 – 21 October 1973) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Böttcher served in the Deutsch ...

(1838-1900), philologist and director of the Burgschule * Franz Brandstäter (1815-1883), philologist * Friedrich Reinhold Dietz (1805-1836), philologist * Friedrich Dewischeit (1805-1884), poet *

(1805-1895), politician * Traugott Fedtke (1909-1988), organist and composer *

Fritz Gause Fritz Gause (4 August 1893 – 24 December 1973) was a German historian, archivist, and curator described as the last great historian of his native city, Königsberg (now Kaliningrad), East Prussia. Gause's most important work was his three- ...

(1893-1973), historian * Klaus von der Groeben (1902-2002), jurist * Karl Haffner (1804-1876), dramatist * Theophil Herbst (1806-1868), philologist *

David Hilbert David Hilbert (; ; 23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician, one of the most influential mathematicians of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Hilbert discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas in many ...

(1862-1943), mathematician * Hermann Theodor Hoffmann (1836-1902), lord mayor of Königsberg from 1893 to 1902 *

(1805-1877, politician *

(1724-1804), philosopher * Friedrich Julius Kieschke (1819-1895), lord mayor of Königsberg from 1867 to 1872 * Gustav Kordgien (1838-1907), professor *

Hans Kramer Hans may refer to: __NOTOC__ People * Hans (name), a masculine given name * Hans Raj Hans, Indian singer and politician ** Navraj Hans, Indian singer, actor, entrepreneur, cricket player and performer, son of Hans Raj Hans ** Yuvraj Hans, Punjabi a ...

(1896-1982), forester * Georg David Kypke (1724-1779), Orientalist * Georg Lejeune-Dirichlet (1858-1920), pedagogue * August Lilienthal (1814-1852), philologist * Hugo Linck (1890-1976), pastor in Königsberg until 1948 *

Fritz Albert Lipmann Fritz Albert Lipmann (; June 12, 1899 – July 24, 1986) was a German-American biochemist and a co-discoverer in 1945 of coenzyme A. For this, together with other research on coenzyme A, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in ...

(1899-1986), biochemist and Nobel Prize recipient * Hans Lullies (1898-1982), physiologist *

Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer (11 December 1753 – 21 November 1823), was a German- Danish philologist, theologian, librarian, bibliophile, palaeographer, diplomat, and Bible translator. Early life and education Moldenhawer was born in K� ...

(1753-1823), philologist * Johann Heinrich Daniel Moldenhawer (1709-1790, theologian * Ernst Mollmann (1850-1939), philologist *

Herbert Meinhard Mühlpfordt Herbert Meinhard Mühlpfordt (31 March 1893 – 9 October 1982) was a German internist, art historian, and cultural historian. Life Mühlpfordt was born in Königsberg, East Prussia, to dentist Meinhard Mühlpfordt and Clara Mühlpfordt ('' ...

(1893-1902), historian * Bernhard Mrowka (1907-1973), physicist *

(1808-1872), physician * Ludwig Passarge (1825-1912), writer * Siegfried Passarge (1866-1958), geographer * Reinhold Rehs (1901-1971), politician * Albert Reusch (1816-1892), philologist *

David Ruhnken David Ruhnken (2 January 172314 May 1798) was a Dutch classical scholar of German origin. Origins Ruhnken was born in Bedlin (today Bydlino) near Stolp, Pomerania Province, (today Słupsk, Poland). After he had attended Latin school at König ...

(1723-1798), classicist * Johann Georg Rosenhain (1816-1887), mathematician * Otto Saro (1818-1888), prosecutor and politician * Gustav von Saltzwedel (1808-1897), politician *

Dietrich von Saucken Dietrich Friedrich Eduard Kasimir von Saucken (16 May 1892 – 27 September 1980) was a German general during World War II who commanded the 2nd Army and the Army East Prussia. Turning down an offer to escape by air, he surrendered to the Re ...

(1892–1980), general * Alexander Schmidt (1816-1887), philologist *

Friedrich Ludwig Schröder Friedrich Ludwig Schröder (3 November 1744 – 3 September 1816) was a German actor, manager, dramatist and prominent masonic leader. He was born in Schwerin. Shortly after his birth, his mother, Sophie Charlotte Bierreichel (1714&ndas ...

(1744-1816), actor *

(1799-1868), historian *

(1810-1899), politician *

(1817-1897), politician *

Siegfried Thomaschki __NOTOC__ Siegfried Thomaschki (20 March 1894 – 31 May 1967) was a German general during World War II who commanded the 11th Infantry Division. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. Thomas ...

(1894-1967), artillery general * Siegfried von der Trenck (1882-1951), writer * Ernst Wilhelm Wagner (1857-1927), director of the Wilhelmsgymnasium * Anton von Wegnern (1809-1891), politician * Albert Zweck (1857-1934), geographer

Notes

References

* * * *

External links

Landfermann-Gymnasium
{{Authority control 1698 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire 1944 disestablishments in Germany Buildings and structures in Germany destroyed during World War II Educational institutions established in the 1690s Educational institutions disestablished in 1944 Education in Königsberg Former buildings and structures in Königsberg Gymnasiums in Germany