Coldrerio is a
municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
in the district of
Mendrisio
Mendrisio (; lmo, label= Ticinese, Mendris ) is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Mendrisio is the seat of the Accademia di Architettura of the university of Italian-speaking Switzerland (U ...
in the
canton of
Ticino
Ticino (), sometimes Tessin (), officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino,, informally ''Canton Ticino'' ; lmo, Canton Tesin ; german: Kanton Tessin ; french: Canton du Tessin ; rm, Chantun dal Tessin . ...
in
Switzerland.
History
Coldrerio is first mentioned in 852 as ''Caledrano''. In 1170 it was mentioned as ''Calderario'', in 1185 as ''Caldirera'' and in 1187 as ''Coldrario''.
[
Archeological finds in the area provide evidence of a continuous settlement since the ]Neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several p ...
period. Excavations of the nearby peat bog
A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss. It is one of the four main types of wetlands. Other names for bogs include mire, mosses, quagmire, and muskeg; a ...
( it, Torbiera) in 1870 and 1915-21 revealed traces of a settlement with stilt houses. Later findings are from the Roman era
In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC ...
and Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th or early 6th century to the 10th century. They marked the start of the Mi ...
. Caledrano was first mentioned as a village during the Early Middle Ages, as were most of the surrounding settlements. It was mentioned several times in the following centuries in connection with gifts given to religious institutions around Como
Como (, ; lmo, Còmm, label= Comasco , or ; lat, Novum Comum; rm, Com; french: Côme) is a city and ''comune'' in Lombardy, Italy. It is the administrative capital of the Province of Como.
Its proximity to Lake Como and to the Alps h ...
, including S. Abbondio, S. Fedele and S. Lazzaro Hospital. The gift and property documents mention a castle, the village church and several sharecropping farms. It was part of the County of Seprio and by the late 13th Century was listed as a municipality.[
In 1593, it broke away from the ]parish
A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one o ...
of Balerna
Balerna is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
History
Balerna is first mentioned in 1115 as ''Barerna''. In 844 and 865, the monastery of S. Ambrogio in Milan purchased land in the ''concilium'' o ...
to form an independent parish. The current parish church
A parish church (or parochial church) in Christianity is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish. In many parts of the world, especially in rural areas, the parish church may play a significant role in community activities, ...
of St. George was built in the 16th Century and enlarged several times. It stands in the center of the village. In 1287, the first church of St. George was dedicated on a hill overlooking the village. Today, the cemetery church of S. Gregorio, better known as S. Apollonia, stands on the site of the first church.[
The fertile soil of the region allowed the village's population to grow. More recently, Coldrerio has grown as a result of the expansion of Chiasso. About 80% of the working population work outside of the Gem, and many are employees of the Swiss Federal Railways.][
]
Geography
Coldrerio has an area, , of . Of this area, or 68.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 15.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 39.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and or 0.8% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 23.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 9.3%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 5.7% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.2%. Out of the forested land, 11.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 30.5% is used for growing crops, while 14.6% is used for orchards or vine crops and 23.2% is used for alpine pastures.
The municipality is located in the Mendrisio district, between Mendrisio and Balerna. It consists of the village of Coldrerio and numerous small settlements, of which Villa is the most important.
Demographics
Coldrerio has a population () of . , 18.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008]
accessed 19 June 2010 Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 2.9%.
Most of the population () speaks Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
(90.3%), with German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
being second most common (4.5%) and French being third (1.4%).[Swiss Federal Statistical Office]
accessed 1 February 2011 Of the Swiss national languages (), 114 speak German, 35 people speak French, 2,293 people speak Italian, and 3 people speak Romansh. The remainder (93 people) speak another language.[Popolazione residente, secondo la lingua principale e la religione, nel 2000]
accessed 23 November 2010
, the gender distribution of the population was 48.8% male and 51.2% female. The population was made up of 1,023 Swiss men (38.2% of the population), and 284 (10.6%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,165 Swiss women (43.5%), and 209 (7.8%) non-Swiss women.[
In there were 9 live births to Swiss citizens and 5 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 18 deaths of Swiss citizens and 2 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 9 while the foreign population increased by 3. There were 4 Swiss men who immigrated back to Switzerland and 1 Swiss woman who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 7 non-Swiss men and 17 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population remained the same in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) while the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 7 people. This represents a ]population growth rate
Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to ...
of 0.3%.[
The age distribution, , in Coldrerio is; 199 children or 7.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 292 teenagers or 10.9% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 272 people or 10.1% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 337 people or 12.6% are between 30 and 39, 440 people or 16.4% are between 40 and 49, and 419 people or 15.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 352 people or 13.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 227 people or 8.5% are between 70 and 79, there are 143 people or 5.3% who are over 80.][01.02.03 Popolazione residente permanente]
accessed 23 November 2010
, there were 1,074 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household.[ there were 307 single family homes (or 56.5% of the total) out of a total of 543 inhabited buildings. There were 217 multi-family buildings (40.0%), along with 9 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (1.7%) and 10 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (1.8%). Of the single family homes 5 were built before 1919, while 41 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (72) were built between 1981 and 1990.][Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen]
accessed 28 January 2011
there were 1,176 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 369. There were 63 single room apartments and 267 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 1,069 apartments (90.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 66 apartments (5.6%) were seasonally occupied and 41 apartments (3.5%) were empty.[ The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.7%.][ , the construction rate of new housing units was 6.9 new units per 1000 residents.][
The historical population is given in the following chart:]
Heritage sites of national significance
The Torbiera archeological site is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire villages of Coldrerio and Villa are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.
Politics
In the 2007 federal election
This electoral calendar 2007 lists the national/federal direct elections held in 2007 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states and their dependent territories. Referendums are included, although they are not elections. By-elections are not ...
the most popular party was the FDP which received 37.14% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (20.45%), the CVP (16.38%) and the Ticino League
The Ticino League ( it, Lega dei Ticinesi) is a regionalist, national-conservative political party in Switzerland active in the canton of Ticino.
The party was founded in 1991 by entrepreneur Giuliano Bignasca and journalist Flavio Maspoli. ...
(14.41%). In the federal election, a total of 999 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
was 54.4%.
In the '' Gran Consiglio'' election, there were a total of 1,818 registered voters in Coldrerio, of which 1,367 or 75.2% voted. 25 blank ballots and 1 null ballot were cast, leaving 1,341 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PLRT which received 530 or 39.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PS (with 256 or 19.1%), the SSI (with 219 or 16.3%) and the LEGA (with 144 or 10.7%).[ Elezioni cantonali: Gran Consiglio, Consiglio di Stato]
accessed 23 November 2010
In the ''Consiglio di Stato'' election, 17 blank ballots and 6 null ballots were cast, leaving 1,345 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PLRT which received 471 or 35.0% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PS (with 286 or 21.3%), the LEGA (with 226 or 16.8%) and the SSI (with 207 or 15.4%).[
]
Economy
, Coldrerio had an unemployment rate of 4.35%. , there were 39 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 121 people were employed in the secondary sector
In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in constructi ...
and there were 14 businesses in this sector. 290 people were employed in the tertiary sector
The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the second ...
, with 59 businesses in this sector.[
There were 1,145 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 40.1% of the workforce. the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 1,256. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 22, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 167, of which 131 or (78.4%) were in manufacturing and 28 (16.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 1,067. In the tertiary sector; 912 or 85.5% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 21 or 2.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 42 or 3.9% were in a hotel or restaurant, 3 or 0.3% were in the information industry, 8 or 0.7% were the insurance or financial industry, 9 or 0.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 22 or 2.1% were in education and 18 or 1.7% were in health care.
, there were 467 workers who commuted into the municipality and 982 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 33.0% of the workforce coming into Coldrerio are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.8% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work.][Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb]
accessed 24 June 2010 Of the working population, 9.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 71% used a private car.[
, there was one hotel in Coldrerio.
]
Religion
From the , 2,199 or 86.6% were Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
* Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
* Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...
, while 98 or 3.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. There are 169 individuals (or about 6.66% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 72 individuals (or about 2.84% of the population) did not answer the question.[
]
Weather
Coldrerio has an average of 98.9 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives of precipitation
In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravitational pull from clouds. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, ice pellets, graupel and hail. ...
. The wettest month is May during which time Coldrerio receives an average of of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12.5 days. The driest month of the year is December with an average of of precipitation over 5.6 days.[, the weather station elevation is 345 meters above sea level.]
Education
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Coldrerio about 69.8% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a '' Fachhochschule'').[
In Coldrerio there were a total of 384 students (). The Ticino ]education system
The educational system generally refers to the structure of all institutions and the opportunities for obtaining education within a country. It includes all pre-school institutions, starting from family education, and/or early childhood education ...
provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten
Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th ce ...
and in Coldrerio there were 57 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both a standard school and a special school. In the municipality, 87 students attended the standard primary schools and 3 students attended the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two-year middle school followed by a two-year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four-year program to prepare for higher education. There were 100 students in the two-year middle school and 1 in their pre-apprenticeship, while 54 students were in the four-year advanced program.
The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 43 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 31 who attend part-time.
The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There were 8 students in the professional program. Allievi e studenti, secondo il genere di scuola, anno scolastico 2009/2010
accessed 23 November 2010
, there was 1 student in Coldrerio who came from another municipality, while 247 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[
]
People
* Pier Francesco Mola
Pier Francesco Mola, called Il Ticinese (9 February 1612 – 13 May 1666) was an Italian painter of the High Baroque, mainly active around Rome.
Biography
Mola was born at Coldrerio (now in Ticino, Switzerland).''Ecstasy in the Wilderness: Pi ...
(1612–1666), painter
References
{{Authority control
Cultural property of national significance in Ticino