Cognitive-cultural economy or cognitive-cultural capitalism is represented by sectors such as
high-technology industry
High technology (high tech), also known as advanced technology (advanced tech) or exotechnology, is technology that is at the cutting edge: the highest form of technology available. It can be defined as either the most complex or the newest te ...
,
business and
financial services,
personal services
''Personal Services'' is a 1987 British comedy film directed by Terry Jones and written by David Leland, about the rise of a madam of a suburban brothel which caters to older men. The story is inspired by the real experiences of Cynthia Payne, ...
, the
media
Media may refer to:
Communication
* Media (communication), tools used to deliver information or data
** Advertising media, various media, content, buying and placement for advertising
** Broadcast media, communications delivered over mass e ...
, the
cultural industries. It is characterized by
digital technologies combined with high levels of cognitive and cultural labor.
Overview
The concept of cognitive-cultural economy has been associated with '
post-Fordism
Post-Fordism is the dominant system of economic production, consumption, and associated socio-economic phenomena in most industrialized countries since the late 20th century. It is contrasted with Fordism, the system formulated in Henry Ford's a ...
', the '
knowledge economy', the '
new economy
The New Economy refers to the ongoing development of the American economic system. It evolved from the notions of the classical economy via the transition from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy, and has been driven by ...
' and highly flexible labor markets.
As
Fordist mass production began to wane after the mid to late 1970s in
advanced capitalist countries, a more flexible system of productive activity began to take its place. The concept of cognitive-cultural
capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, priva ...
has developed as a response to the insufficiency of the interpretations of this transition from a Fordist to a
post-Fordist
Post-Fordism is the dominant system of economic production, consumption, and associated socio-economic phenomena in most industrialized countries since the late 20th century. It is contrasted with Fordism, the system formulated in Henry Ford's aut ...
model of "flexible
accumulation
Accumulation may refer to:
Finance
* Accumulation function, a mathematical function defined in terms of the ratio future value to present value
* Capital accumulation, the gathering of objects of value
Science and engineering
* Accumulate (hi ...
. Early empirical studies of this new system were published in the 1980s on the basis of case-study materials focused mainly on high-technology industrial districts in the United States (
Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley is a region in Northern California that serves as a global center for high technology and innovation. Located in the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area, it corresponds roughly to the geographical areas San Mateo Coun ...
, Orange County, Boston's Route 128, etc.—see Saxenian) and revived craft industries in the north-east and center of Italy (the so-called Third Italy). Over the following decades, considerable empirical and theoretical advances were made on the basis of studies of the new cultural economy (fashion, film, electronic games, publishing, etc.).
Levy and Murnane in ''The New Division of Labor''
[Frank Levy & Richard J. Murnane (2004). ''The New Division of Labor'']
Chapter 1. New Divisions of Labor
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420170521/http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s7704.html , date=2013-04-20 highlight the replacement of standardized machinery in the American production system by digital technologies that not only act as a substitute for routine labor, but that also complement and enhance the intellectual and affective assets of the
labor force
The workforce or labour force is a concept referring to the pool of human beings either in employment or in unemployment. It is generally used to describe those working for a single company or industry, but can also apply to a geographic reg ...
. These technologies underpinned an enormous expansion of the technology-intensive, service, financial, craft, and cultural industries that became the heart of the cognitive-cultural economy.
See also
*
Creative industries
*
Financial services
*
General intellect
General intellect, according to Karl Marx in his ''Grundrisse'', became a crucial force of production. It is a combination of technological expertise and social intellect, or general social knowledge (increasing importance of machinery in soci ...
*
High-technology industry
High technology (high tech), also known as advanced technology (advanced tech) or exotechnology, is technology that is at the cutting edge: the highest form of technology available. It can be defined as either the most complex or the newest te ...
*
Operaismo
Workerism is a political theory that emphasizes the importance of or glorifies the working class. Workerism, or , was of particular significance in Italian left-wing politics.
As revolutionary praxis
Workerism (or ) is a political analysis, w ...
*
Postfordism
Post-Fordism is the dominant system of economic production, consumption, and associated socio-economic phenomena in most industrialized countries since the late 20th century. It is contrasted with Fordism, the system formulated in Henry Ford's aut ...
*
Purple economy
Purple is any of a variety of colors with hue between red and blue. In the RGB color model used in computer and television screens, purples are produced by mixing red and blue light. In the RYB color model historically used by painters, p ...
*
Regulation school
The regulation school (french: l'école de la régulation) is a group of writers in political economy and economics whose origins can be traced to France in the early 1970s, where economic instability and stagflation were rampant in the French eco ...
References
Further reading
* Amin, A., ed. 1994. ''Post-Fordism: A Reader.'' Oxford: Blackwell.
* Bilsker, R. 2015
"What is this Thing?"ephemera, 15 (2): 477-486
* Cenzatti, M. 1993. Los Angeles and the L.A. School: Postmodernism and Urban Studies. Los Angeles: Los Angeles Forum for Architecture and Urban Design.
* Fumagalli, A. & Lucarelli, S. 2007
A model of Cognitive Capitalism: a preliminary analysis European Journal of Economic and Social Systems, vol. 20, n. 1.
* Hutton, T. A. 2008. The New Economy of the Inner City: Restructuring, Regeneration, and Dislocation in the Twenty-First Century Metropolis. London: Routledge.
* Kloosterman, R. C. 2010. This Is Not America: Embedding The Cognitive-Cultural Urban Economy. Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography 92B (2):131-143.
* Moulier Boutang, Y. 2007. Le Capitalisme Cognitif, Comprendre la Nouvelle Grande Transformation et ses Enjeux. Paris: Editions Amsterdam.
* Pasquinelli, M. 2014
Italian Operaismo and the Information Machine Theory, Culture & Society, first published on February 2, 2014.
* Pavlidis, P. 2012
The Rise of General Intellect and the Meaning of Education: Reflections on the Contradictions of Cognitive Capitalism Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies. 10 (1): 37–52.
* Saxenian, A. L. 1983. The urban contradictions of Silicon Valley - regional growth and the restructuring of the semiconductor industry. International Journal of Urban And Regional Research 7 (2):237-262.
* Scott, A. J. 2008. Social Economy of the Metropolis: Cognitive-Cultural Capitalism and the Global Resurgence of Cities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Scott, A. J. 2010. Cultural Economy and the Creative Field of the City. Geografiska Annaler, Series B - Human Geography.
* Vercellone, C. 2005
Working Paper Presented at Birkbeck College and SOAS, United Kingdom.
* Trebor Scholz, 201
Digital Labor: New Opportunities, Old Inequalities Conference at re:publica
*Rindermann H. 2012. Intellectual classes, technological progress and economic development: The rise of cognitive capitalism. Personality and Individual Differences 53 (2) 108–113
Capitalism
Cultural economics