Codex Athous Dionysiou, designated by Ω or 045 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 61 ( von Soden), is a Greek

uncial Uncial is a majuscule Glaister, Geoffrey Ashall. (1996) ''Encyclopedia of the Book''. 2nd edn. New Castle, DE, and London: Oak Knoll Press & The British Library, p. 494. script (written entirely in capital letters) commonly used from the 4th to ...

manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced i ...

of the

New Testament The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Chris ...

. The codex is dated palaeographically to the 9th century. It has

marginalia Marginalia (or apostils) are marks made in the margins of a book or other document. They may be scribbles, comments, glosses (annotations), critiques, doodles, drolleries, or illuminations. Biblical manuscripts Biblical manuscripts h ...

Description

The codex contains almost a complete text of the four

Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christian message (" the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words a ...

s on 259 thick parchment leaves (22 cm by 16 cm), with only one small lacuna in

Gospel of Luke The Gospel of Luke), or simply Luke (which is also its most common form of abbreviation). tells of the origins, Nativity of Jesus, birth, Ministry of Jesus, ministry, Crucifixion of Jesus, death, Resurrection of Jesus, resurrection, and Ascensi ...

1:15-28. The text is written in two columns per page, 19-22 lines per page, 13-15 letters per line. Ink is brown. The letters are large, with the first lines written in red ink. It has breathings and accents. It contains lists of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel, the at the top, the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 234 Sections), references to the

Eusebian Canons Eusebian canons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus, also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts d ...

, lectionary equipment in the margins, illustrations, liturgical books

Synaxarion Synaxarion or Synexarion (plurals Synaxaria, Synexaria; el, Συναξάριον, from συνάγειν, ''synagein'', "to bring together"; cf. etymology of ''synaxis'' and '' synagogue''; Latin: ''Synaxarium'', ''Synexarium''; cop, ⲥⲩⲛ ...

and

Menologion Menologium (), also written menology, and menologe, is a service-book used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite. From its derivation from Greek , ''menológion'', from μήν '' ...

, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, and numbers of ( ''stichoi''). It has errors of itacism, full of

hiatus Hiatus may refer to: * Hiatus (anatomy), a natural fissure in a structure * Hiatus (stratigraphy), a discontinuity in the age of strata in stratigraphy *''Hiatus'', a genus of picture-winged flies with sole member species '' Hiatus fulvipes'' * G ...

and another errors. The texts of Matthew 10:37, Matthew 16:2b–3, Luke 22:43-44, John 5:3-4, and the Pericope Adulterae are marked by

obeli An obelus (plural: obeluses or obeli) is a term in typography that refers to a historical mark which has resolved to three modern meanings: * Division sign * Dagger (typography), Dagger * Commercial minus sign (limited geographical area of u ...

in the margin. Matthew 21:20 was omitted but added to the margin by the original scribe.

Text

The Greek text of this

codex The codex (plural codices ) was the historical ancestor of the modern book. Instead of being composed of sheets of paper, it used sheets of vellum, papyrus, or other materials. The term ''codex'' is often used for ancient manuscript books, with ...

is a representative of the

Byzantine text-type In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main text types. It is the form fo ...

, with some Alexandrian readings. According to

Hermann von Soden Baron Hermann von Soden (16 August 1852 – 15 January 1914) was a German Biblical scholar, minister, professor of divinity, and textual theorist. Life Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 1852, Soden was educated at the University of Tübinge ...

it is one of the three oldest manuscripts that present the earliest variety of the Byzantine text-type (after S and V).

Bruce M. Metzger Bruce Manning Metzger (February 9, 1914 – February 13, 2007) was an American biblical scholar, Bible translator and textual critic who was a longtime professor at Princeton Theological Seminary and Bible editor who served on the board of the ...

Bart D. Ehrman Bart Denton Ehrman (born 1955) is an American New Testament scholar focusing on textual criticism of the New Testament, the historical Jesus, and the origins and development of early Christianity. He has written and edited 30 books, includin ...

, ''The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration'',

Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print book ...

, 2005, p. 86.Hermann von Soden, ''Die Schriften des Neuen Testaments'', pp. 718-721, 765-774. Soden included it to the textual family K¹.

Kurt Aland Kurt Aland (28 March 1915 – 13 April 1994) was a German theologian and biblical scholar who specialized in New Testament textual criticism. He founded the ''Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung'' (Institute for New Testament Textual ...

placed it in Category V. According to the

Claremont Profile Method The Claremont Profile Method is a method for classifying ancient manuscripts of the Bible. It was elaborated by Ernest Cadman Colwell and his students. Professor Frederik Wisse attempted to establish an accurate and rapid procedure for the class ...

it represents the textual family K^x in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20. It forms a cluster with

Minuscule 584 Minuscule 584 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1010 ( von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurz ...

.F. Wisse, ''The Profile Method for Classifying and Evaluating Manuscripts Evidence'' (Wm. Eerdmans 1982), pp. 52, 63. In John 1:29 it lacks ο Ιωαννης along with manuscripts Sinaiticus,

Alexandrinus The Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, Royal MS 1. D. V-VIII), designated by the siglum A or 02 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 4 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a manu ...

, Vaticanus, Cyprius, Campianus, Petropolitanus Purpureus, Vaticanus 354, Nanianus, Macedoniensis, Sangallensis, Koridethi, Petropolitanus, Athous Lavrensis, 047, 0141, 8, 9, 565, 1192;''The Gospel According to John in the Byzantine Tradition'' (

Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft The Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft ("German Bible Society") is a religious foundation regulated by public law. It is involved in publishing and in spreading the message of the Bible. The Society publishes the Bible in the original languages and in ...

: Stuttgart 2007), p. 7 In John 5:25 it has "Son of Man" instead of "Son of God".

Nazareth Nazareth ( ; ar, النَّاصِرَة, ''an-Nāṣira''; he, נָצְרַת, ''Nāṣəraṯ''; arc, ܢܨܪܬ, ''Naṣrath'') is the largest city in the Northern District of Israel. Nazareth is known as "the Arab capital of Israel". In ...

is transcribed in two ways as Ναζαρεθ (Alexandrian) and Ναζαρετ (Byzantine), Mose as Μωυσης (Alexandrian) and Μωσης (Byzantine). In John 1:28 it has the Alexandrian variant βηθανια (Bethany).

History

It was collated by Mary W. Winslow, and edited by

Kirsopp Lake Kirsopp Lake (7 April 187210 November 1946) was an English New Testament scholar, Church historian, Greek Palaeographer, and Winn Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Harvard Divinity School. He had an uncommon breadth of interests. His ma ...

and Silva New. The codex is now located at the Dionysiou monastery (10) 55, on

Mount Athos Mount Athos (; el, Ἄθως, ) is a mountain in the distal part of the eponymous Athos peninsula and site of an important centre of Eastern Orthodox monasticism in northeastern Greece. The mountain along with the respective part of the peni ...

References

External links

{{commons category-inline Athous Dionysiou 9th-century biblical manuscripts Athos manuscripts Dionysiou Monastery

Description

Text

History

See also

References

Further reading

External links