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ASMO 449 is a, now
technologically obsolete
Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ...
, 7-bit coded
character set
Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to graphical characters, especially the written characters of human language, allowing them to be stored, transmitted, and transformed using digital computers. The numerical values tha ...
to encode the
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...
language.
History
This character set was devised by the now extinct
[Le codage informatique de l'écriture arabe : d'ASMO 449 à Unicode et ISO/CEI 10646](_blank)
/ref> Arab Standardization and Metrology Organization
The Arab Organization for Standardization and Metrology (french: Organisation arabe de normalisation et de métrologie, es, Organización Arabe de Unificación de Normas y Metrologia), also known as Arab Organization for Standardization and Measur ...
in 1982ISO 646
ISO/IEC 646 is a set of ISO/IEC standards, described as ''Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange'' and developed in cooperation with ASCII at least since 1964. Since its first edition in ...
(version of 1973) but with modifications suited for the Arabic language. In code points ranging from 0x41 to 0x72 (hexadecimal), Latin letters were replaced with Arabic letters. Punctuation marks which were identical in the Latin and Arabic scripts remained the same, but where they differed (comma, semicolon, question mark), the Latin ones were replaced by Arabic ones. Only nominal letters are encoded, no preshaped forms of the letters, so shaping processing is required for display. This character set is not bidirectional and was intended to be used in right to left writing. Therefore, symmetrical punctuation marks ("(", ")", "<", ">", " , ", "") appears as reversed (")", "(", ">", "<", "]", " ,_"}"_and_"{").
ASMO_449_was_registered_in_the_International_Register_of_Coded_Character_Sets_as_IR_089_in_1985_and_approved_as_an_List_of_International_Organization_for_Standardization_standards.html" "title="International Register of Coded Character Sets">, "}" and "{").
ASMO 449 was registered in the International Register of Coded Character Sets as IR 089
as ISO 9036:1987 Information processing - Arabic 7-bit coded character set for information interchange.
Character set
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There is a variant, sometimes named ASMO 449+
[Printronix ACA Emulation Programmer's Reference Manual](_blank)
/ref> which adds the characters Non-breaking space, NBSP in 0x75, "ﹳ" in 0x76, "لآ" in 0x77, "لأ" in 0x78, "لإ" in 0x79 and "لا" in 0x7A.
Relationship with other character sets
ASMO 449 is a 7-bit character set. Although some encodings allocate this 7-bit character set in the upper part of the 8-bit character set, it should not be confused with ASMO 708
ISO/IEC 8859-6:1999, ''Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 6: Latin/Arabic alphabet'', is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of ASCII-based standard character encodings, first edition published in 1987. ...
. In the character sets that allocate ASMO 449 (or some variant of it) in the upper part of the 8-bit character set, the existence of apparently repeated characters is due to the fact that the characters in the lower part are for left-to-right script while the characters in the upper part are for right-to-left script. When ASMO 449 (or some variant of it) is allocated to the upper part of the 8-bit character set, it has Arabic digits.
* Al-ArabiMacRoman
Mac OS Roman is a character encoding created by Apple Computer, Inc. for use by Macintosh computers. It is suitable for representing text in English and several other Western languages. Mac OS Roman encodes 256 characters, the first 128 of which ...
, and adds letters for Persian and Urdu.
*Apple's MacFarsi replaces the Arabic digits from MacArabic with Persian ones.
*The Code Table 7Code Table 7
/ref> from MARC-8 allocates ASMO 449 in the lower part of the 8-bit character set and allocates the upper part with the Arabic Extension ( ISO 11822 / IR 224).
*Microsoft's Code page 709,
References
External links
giconv
a graphical interface to a patched libiconv version that recodes ASMO449+ to UTF-8
UTF-8 is a variable-length character encoding used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from ''Unicode'' (or ''Universal Coded Character Set'') ''Transformation Format 8-bit''.
UTF-8 is capable of ...
ISO 9036:1987 Information processing — Arabic 7-bit coded character set for information interchange
{{character encoding
Character sets
ISO standards