The

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central ele ...

that serves as the symbol of the

Lublin Voivodeship The Lublin Voivodeship, also known as the Lublin Province (Polish: ''województwo lubelskie'' ), is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in southeastern part of the country. It was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Lublin, Che� ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

depicts a white (silver) male jumping '' cervus'' (

deer Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the reindeer ...

), with a yellow (golden) crown on its neck, placed on a red background. The current design of the coat of arms was designed by

Andrzej Heidrich Andrzej Ryszard Heidrich (November 6, 1928 – October 20, 2019) was a Polish graphic artist and type designer who designed Polish bank notes. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts and graduated with honors. He designed bank notes for the Natio ...

, and adopted in 2002.

Design

The coat of arms depicts of a white (silver) male jumping '' cervus'' (

), with a yellow (golden) crown on its neck. The ''cervus'' is facing left. The charge is placed within a red Iberian style

escutcheon Escutcheon may refer to: * Escutcheon (heraldry), a shield or shield-shaped emblem, displaying a coat of arms * Escutcheon (furniture), a metal plate that surrounds a keyhole or lock cylinder on a door * (in medicine) the distribution of pubic ha ...

History

Kingdom of Poland

The first mention of the dear used as the symbol of the Lublin Land comes from middle of the 14th century. In 1410, the Lublin Land was represented in the

battle of Grunwald The Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Žalgiris or First Battle of Tannenberg was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. The alliance of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respec ...

, with a red banner depicting a white (silver) jumping '' cervus'' (

), with a yellow (golden) crown on its neck. The coat of arms is also mentioned in ''Annales seu cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae'' by Jan Długosz, written by him in years 1464–1480. In the book, the coat of arms is described with the following sentence: "''Lublin Land carries a horned dear ready to jump placed on a red field, whose neck is decorated with a golden crown''".Tomasz Panfil: ''Verba Signi. Dzieje herbu Ziemi Lubelskiej'', Lublin, 1998.Henryk Seroka: ''Herb województwa lubelskiego i herby powiatów''; In: ''Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Heraldycznego'', no. 19, 1999. The exact origin of the design of the coat of arms remain unknown. According to some theories, the design could have originated from the coat of arms of the

heraldic clan A heraldic clan (''ród herbowy''), in Poland, comprised all the noble (''szlachta'') bearers of the same coat of arms. The members of a heraldic clan were not necessarily linked by consanguinity. The concept was unique to Polish heraldry. His ...

of Brochwicz. Several nobel families of that clan lived in the area of Lublin Land in the

High Middle Ages The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the periodization, period of European history that lasted from AD 1000 to 1300. The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and were followed by the Late Middle Ages, which ended ...

. The coat of arms depicted a red ''cervus'' placed on a white (silver) background. The coat of arms became a symbol of the

of the

Crown of the Kingdom of Poland The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Latin: ''Corona Regni Poloniae''), known also as the Polish Crown, is the common name for the historic Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, includ ...

, that was established in 1474. The coat of arms remained in such use until 1795, when the voivodeship ceased to exist following the

Third Partition of Poland The Third Partition of Poland (1795) was the last in a series of the Partitions of Poland–Lithuania and the land of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy, and the Russian Empire which effectively ended Polish ...

. The coat of arms was also used in the seals of

Sigismund I the Old Sigismund I the Old ( pl, Zygmunt I Stary, lt, Žygimantas II Senasis; 1 January 1467 – 1 April 1548) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506 until his death in 1548. Sigismund I was a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty, the ...

, and

Sigismund II Augustus Sigismund II Augustus ( pl, Zygmunt II August, lt, Žygimantas Augustas; 1 August 1520 – 7 July 1572) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. He was the first ruler ...

, who ruled as the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania, respectively, from 1506 to 1548, and from 1548 to 1572.

Congress Poland

The

of the

Congress Poland Congress Poland, Congress Kingdom of Poland, or Russian Poland, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland, was a polity created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a semi-autonomous Polish state, a successor to Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. It w ...

was established on 16 January 1816. Its coat of arms was divided horizontally into two fields. The top field depicted a white (silver) male jumping '' cervus'' (

), with a yellow (golden) crown on its neck, placed on a red background. The bottom field depicted a white (silver)

bear Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae. They are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans. Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Nor ...

and a tree trees growing on a green grass, placed on a green background. The bear stood behind the middle tree. The coat of arms was a combination of the historical coat of arms of the

of the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...

, and the Chełm Land.Stefan Krzysztof Kuczyński: ''Polskie herby ziemskie: geneza, treści funkcje''. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1993, p. 242. The voivodeship existed until 23 lutego 1837, when it was replaced by the

Lublin Governorate Lublin Governorate (russian: Люблинская губерния, pl, Gubernia lubelska) was an administrative unit (Governorates of the Russian Empire, governorate) of Congress Poland. History The Lublin Governorate was created in 1837 fro ...

, which continued using said coat of arms. In 1844, the Podlachian Governorate was incorporated into the Lublin Governorate. As such, the new coat of arms was combination of the two formerly used by those governorates. It was divided into four fields, two on top, and two on bottom. The top fields referred to the former coat of arms of the Lublin Governorate. The top right field depicted a white (silver) male jumping '' cervus'' (

), with a yellow (golden) crown on its neck, placed on a red background. The top left field depicted a white (silver)

and a tree trees growing on a green grass, placed on a green background. The bear stood behind the middle tree. The bottom fields referred to the former

of the Podlachian Governorate. The bottom right field depicted a white eagle with yellow (golden) legs, rising its wings, placed on a red background. The bottom left field depicted a knight in a white (silver) armor, sitting on a white (silver) horse with a blue saddle and

shabrack A shabrack or shabraque ( tr, çaprak, hu, csábrák) is a saddlecloth, formerly used by European light cavalry. The shabraque was an accoutrement of the hussar cavalry, based on the Hungarian horsemen in Austrian service who were widely im ...

, standing on its back hoofs. The knight has a blue shield with a yellow (golden) cross of Lorraine on it, put on his left arm, and hold a sword in his right hand. They are placed on a red background. The coat of arms was approved by the viceroy of Poland,

Ivan Paskevich Count Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich-Erevansky, Serene Prince of Warsaw (russian: Ива́н Фёдорович Паске́вич-Эриванский, светлейший князь Варшавский, tr. ; – ) was an Imperial Russian mi ...

, on 5 October 1845, and later, by the tsar or Russia, Nicholas I, on 26 May 1849. It remained in use until 1866. In 1867, the governorate had been partitioned into the governorates of Lublin and

Siedlce Siedlce [] ( yi, שעדליץ ) is a city in eastern Poland with 77,354 inhabitants (). Situated in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously the city was the capital of a separate Siedlce Voivodeship (1975–1998). The city is situated b ...

. The new design of the coat of arms of the Lublin Governorate had been approved on 25 February 1869. It consisted of a blue French-style

which was divided horizontally into two fields. The top field depicted a white (silver) male jumping ''cervus'' (deer), with a yellow (golden) crown on its neck, placed on a red background. The bottom field depicted a white (silver) bear and a tree trees growing on a green grass, placed on a green background. The bear stood behind the middle tree. Around the shield, there are yellow (golden) leaves of the

oak An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably ''L ...

tree, interspersed with the blue ribbon of the

Order of St. Andrew The Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called (russian: Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного, translit=Orden Svyatogo apostola Andreya Pervozvannogo) is the highest order conferred by both the ...

. On the top of the coat of arms, above the escutcheon, there was the yellow (golden)

Imperial Crown of Russia The Imperial Crown of Russia (russian: Императорская Корона России), also known as the Great Imperial Crown (russian: Великая Императорская Корона), was used by the monarchs of Russia from 1762 ...

. The coat of arms was used until 1915, when the governorate ceased to exist.''Polnoye sobraniye zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii'', vol XLIV, position. 46791.

Second Republic of Poland

In 1928, as part of the project to design the coat of arms for the

voivodeships A voivodeship is the area administered by a voivode (Governor) in several countries of central and eastern Europe. Voivodeships have existed since medieval times and the area of extent of voivodeship resembles that of a duchy in western medieval ...

of the

Second Polish Republic The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of ...

, the design for the coat of arms of the Warsaw Voivodeship had been created. Though planned to be officially approved, it never was, as it was decided to postpone the approval of the subdivision symbols due to the planned administrative reform, that eventually took place in 1938. Eventually, the plans for the establishment of the coat of arms had been stopped by the

Invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week aft ...

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

, on 1 September 1939, that begun the

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, and were not picked up back after the end of the conflict. The proposed design consisted of a red Iberian style escutcheon, with square top and rounded base, that was divided horizontally into two fields. The top field depicted a white (silver) male jumping '' cervus'' (

) facing left, with a yellow (golden) crown on its neck, placed on a red background. The bottom field depicted a white (silver)

and a tree trees growing on a green grass, placed on a green background. The bear stood behind the middle tree, and faced right.
Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej z dnia 13 grudnia 1927 r. o godłach i barwach państwowych oraz o oznakach, chorągwiach i pieczęciach.
', In: ''1927 Journal of Laws'', no.: 115, position: 980. 13 December 1927.''Projekt Rozporządzenia Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w sprawie nadania herbów województwom'', AAN, PRM 59-10, p. 18-21.

Third Republic of Poland

On 29 March 1996, the

Biała Podlaska Voivodeship The Biała Podlaska Voivodeship was a voivodeship (province) of the Polish People's Republic from 1975 to 1989, and the Third Republic of Poland from 1989 to 1998. Its capital was Biała Podlaska. It was established on 1 June 1975, from the par ...

had adopted its coat of arms. It featured a knight in a blue armor, sitting on a white (silver) horse with a blue

horse tack Tack is equipment or accessories equipped on horses and other equines in the course of their use as domesticated animals. This equipment includes such items as saddles, stirrups, bridles, halters, reins, bits, and harnesses. Equipping a horse i ...

, including the

saddle The saddle is a supportive structure for a rider of an animal, fastened to an animal's back by a girth. The most common type is equestrian. However, specialized saddles have been created for oxen, camels and other animals. It is not kno ...

and

, standing on its back legs. The knight has a blue shield with a yellow (golden) cross of Lorraine on it, put on his left arm, and hold a white (silver) sword in his right hand. The Biała Podlaska Voivodeship ceased to exist on 31 December 1998, and was replaced by the

on the next day.''Ustawa z dnia 28 maja 1975 r. o dwustopniowym podziale administracyjnym Państwa oraz o zmianie ustawy o radach narodowych.'', In: ''1975 Journal of the Laws'', no. 16, position 91.
''Ustawa z dnia 24 lipca 1998 r. o wprowadzeniu zasadniczego trójstopniowego podziału terytorialnego państwa'', In: ''1998 Journal of the Laws'', no. 96, position 603). Its currently-used coat of arms had been designed by

, and based on the historical coat of arms. It was adopted by the Lublin Voivodeship Sejmik on 23 September 2002.''Uchwała Nr XLVI/615/02 Sejmiku Województwa Lubelskiego z dnia 23 września 2002''. Lublin: Lublin Voivodeship Sejmik. 23 September 2002. In: ''2002 Journal of Laws of the Lublin Voivodeship''. Lublin: Lublin Voivodeship Sejmik. 2002.

References

Lublin Voivodeship

Symbols introduced in 2002 {{Heraldry in Poland

Design

History

Kingdom of Poland

Congress Poland

Second Republic of Poland

Third Republic of Poland

See also

References