Clark Glymour
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Clark N. Glymour (born 1942) is the Alumni University Professor Emeritus in the Department of Philosophy at Carnegie Mellon University. He is also a senior research scientist at the
Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition The Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition (IHMC) is a not-for-profit research institute of the State University System of Florida, with locations in Pensacola and Ocala, Florida. IHMC scientists and engineers investigate a broad range o ...
.


Work

Glymour earned undergraduate degrees in chemistry and philosophy at the
University of New Mexico The University of New Mexico (UNM; es, Universidad de Nuevo México) is a public research university in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Founded in 1889, it is the state's flagship academic institution and the largest by enrollment, with over 25,400 ...
. He did graduate work in
chemical physics Chemical physics is a subdiscipline of chemistry and physics that investigates physicochemical phenomena using techniques from atomic and molecular physics and condensed matter physics; it is the branch of physics that studies chemical process ...
and obtained a Ph.D in History and Philosophy of Science from
Indiana University Indiana University (IU) is a system of public universities in the U.S. state of Indiana. Campuses Indiana University has two core campuses, five regional campuses, and two regional centers under the administration of IUPUI. *Indiana Universi ...
in 1969. Glymour is the founder of the Philosophy Department at Carnegie Mellon University, a
Guggenheim Fellow Guggenheim Fellowships are grants that have been awarded annually since by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those "who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the a ...
, a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences, a
Phi Beta Kappa The Phi Beta Kappa Society () is the oldest academic honor society in the United States, and the most prestigious, due in part to its long history and academic selectivity. Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal ...
lecturer, and is a Fellow of the statistics section of the AAAS. Glymour and his collaborators created the causal interpretation of Bayes nets. His areas of interest include
epistemology Epistemology (; ), or the theory of knowledge, is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Epistemology is considered a major subfield of philosophy, along with other major subfields such as ethics, logic, and metaphysics. Epis ...
(particularly Android epistemology),
machine learning Machine learning (ML) is a field of inquiry devoted to understanding and building methods that 'learn', that is, methods that leverage data to improve performance on some set of tasks. It is seen as a part of artificial intelligence. Machine ...
,
automated reasoning In computer science, in particular in knowledge representation and reasoning and metalogic, the area of automated reasoning is dedicated to understanding different aspects of reasoning. The study of automated reasoning helps produce computer prog ...
,
psychology Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts. It is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between ...
of judgment, and
mathematical psychology Mathematical psychology is an approach to psychological research that is based on mathematical modeling of perceptual, thought, cognitive and motor processes, and on the establishment of law-like rules that relate quantifiable stimulus characte ...
. One of Glymour's main contributions to the philosophy of science is in the area of
Bayesian probability Bayesian probability is an interpretation of the concept of probability, in which, instead of frequency or propensity of some phenomenon, probability is interpreted as reasonable expectation representing a state of knowledge or as quantification ...
, particularly in his analysis of the Bayesian "problem of old evidence". Glymour, in collaboration with Peter Spirtes and Richard Scheines, also developed an automated causal inference algorithm implemented as software named
TETRAD Tetrad ('group of 4') or tetrade may refer to: * Tetrad (area), an area 2 km x 2 km square * Tetrad (astronomy), four total lunar eclipses within two years * Tetrad (chromosomal formation) * Tetrad (general relativity), or frame field ** Tetra ...
. Using multivariate statistical data as input, TETRAD rapidly searches from among all possible causal relationship models and returns the most plausible causal models based on conditional dependence relationships between those variables. The algorithm is based on principles from statistics, graph theory, philosophy of science, and artificial intelligence.Glymour, Clark; Scheines, Richard; Spirtes, Peter; Kelly, Kevin. "TETRAD: Discovering Causal Structure" Multivariate Behavioral Research 23.2 (1988). 10 July 2010. . .


Publications


Books

* *''Theory and Evidence'' (Princeton, 1980) *''Examining Holistic Medicine'' (with D. Stalker), Prometheus, 1985 *''Foundations of Space-Time Theories'' (with J. Earman), University of Minnesota Press, 1986 *''Discovering Causal Structure'' (with R. Scheines, P. Spirtes and K.Kelly) Academic Press, 1987 * *''Causation, Prediction and Search'' (with P.Spirtes and R. Scheines), Springer, 1993, 2nd Edition MIT Press, 2001 *''Thinking Things Through'', MIT Press, 1994 *''Android Epistemology'' (with K. Ford and P. Hayes) MIT/AAAI Press, 1996 *''The Mind's Arrows: Bayes Nets and Graphical Causal Models in Psychology'', MIT Press, 2001 * *''Galileo in Pittsburgh'' Harvard University Press, 2010.


Journal articles

*"The Evaluation of Discovery: Models, Simulation and Search through “Big Data”", ''Open Philosophy'', 2019. Available on-line (Open Access): https://doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2019-0005 * "When is a Brain Like the Planet?", ''
Philosophy of Science Philosophy of science is a branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. The central questions of this study concern what qualifies as science, the reliability of scientific theories, and the ult ...
'', 2008. *(with David Danks) "Reasons as Causes in Bayesian Epistemology", ''
Journal of Philosophy ''The Journal of Philosophy'' is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal on philosophy, founded in 1904 at Columbia University. Its stated purpose is "To publish philosophical articles of current interest and encourage the interchange of ideas, e ...
'', 2008. *"Markov Properties and Quantum Experiments", in W. Demopoulos and I. Pitowsky, eds. ''Physical Theory and Its Interpretation: Essays in Honor of
Jeffrey Bub Jeffrey Bub (born 1942) is a physicist and philosopher of physics, and Distinguished Professor in the Department of Philosophy, the Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, and the Institute for Physical Science and Technology a ...
'', Springer 2006. *(with Chu, T. and David Danks) "Data Driven Methods for Granger Causality and Contemporaneous Causality with Non-Linear Corrections: Climate Teleconnection Mechanisms", 2004. *"Review of Phil Dowe and Paul Nordhoff: Cause and Chance: Causation in an Indeterministic World", '' Mind'', 2005. *(with Eberhardt, Frederick, and Richard Scheines). "N-1 Experiments Suffice to Determine the Causal Relations Among N Variables", 2004. *(with F. Eberhardt and R. Scheines), "Log2(N) Experiments are Sufficient, and in the Worst Case Necessary, for Identifying Causal Structure", ''UAI Proceedings'', 2005 *(with Handley, Daniel, Nicoleta Serban, David Peters, Robert O'Doherty, Melvin Field, Larry Wasserman, Peter Spirtes, and Richard Scheines), "Evidence of systematic expressed sequence tag IMAGE clone cross-hybridization on cDNA microarrays", '' Genomics'', Vol. 83, Issue 6 (June, 2004), 1169-1175. *(with Handley, Daniel, Nicoleta Serban, and David G. Peters). "Concerns About Unreliable Data from Spotted cDNA Microarrays Due to Cross-Hybridization and Sequence Errors", ''
Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology ''Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the application of statistics to problems in computational biology. It was established in 2002 and is published by de Gruyter. T ...
'', Vol. 3, Issue 1 (October 6, 2004), Article 25. *"Comment on D. Lerner", "The Illusion of Conscious Will", ''Behavioral and Brain Sciences'', in press. *"Review of Joseph E. Early, Sr. (Ed.): Chemical Explanation: Characteristics, Development, Autonomy", ''Philosophy of Science'', Vol. 71, No. 3 (July, 2004), 415-418. *(with Spirtes, and Peter Glymour). "Causal Inference", '' Encyclopedia of Social Science'', in press *"We believe in freedom of the will so that we can learn", ''
Behavioral and Brain Sciences ''Behavioral and Brain Sciences'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of Open Peer Commentary established in 1978 by Stevan Harnad and published by Cambridge University Press. It is modeled on the journal ''Current Anthropology'' (whic ...
'', Vol. 27, No. 5 (2004), 661-662. *"The Automation of Discovery", '' Daedelus'', Vol. Winter (2004), 69-77. *(with Serban, Nicoleta, Larry Wasserman, David Peters, Peter Spirtes, Robert O'Doherty, Dan Handley, and Richard Scheines). "Analysis of microarray data for treated fat cells", (2003). *(with Danks, David, and Peter Spirtes). "The Computational and Experimental Complexity of Gene Perturbations for Regulatory Network Search", (2003). *(with Silva, Ricardo, Richard Scheines, and Peter Spirtes). "Learning Measurement Models for Unobserved Variables", UAI '03, ''Proceedings of the 19th Conference in Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence'', August 7–10, 2003, Acapulco, Mexico (2003), 543-550. *(with Danks, David and Peter Spirtes). "The Computational and Experimental Complexity of Gene Perturbations for Regulatory Network Search", ''Proceedings of IJCAI-2003 Workshop on Learning Graphical Models for Computational Genomics'', (2003), 22-31. *(with Frank Wimberly, Thomas Heiman, and Joseph Ramsey). "Experiments on the Accuracy of Algorithms for Inferring the Structure of Genetic Regulatory Networks from Microarray Expression Levels", International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Workshop, 2003 *"A Semantics and Methodology for Ceteris Paribus Hypotheses", ''
Erkenntnis ''Erkenntnis'' is a journal of philosophy that publishes papers in analytic philosophy. Its name is derived from the German word " Erkenntnis", meaning "knowledge, recognition". The journal was also linked to organisation of conferences, such as th ...
'', Vol. 57 (2002), 395-405. *"Review of James Woodward, Making Things Happen: A Theory of Causal Explanation", '' British Journal for Philosophy of Science'', Vol. 55 (2004), 779-790. *(with Fienberg, Stephen, and Richard Scheines). "Expert statistical testimony and epidemiological evidence: the toxic effects of lead exposure on children", ''
Journal of Econometrics The ''Journal of Econometrics'' is a scholarly journal in econometrics. It was first published in 1973. Its current managing editors are Serena Ng and Elie Tamer, Torben Andersen and Xiaohong Chen serve as editors. The journal publishes work d ...
'', Vol 113 (2003), 33-48. *"Learning, prediction and causal Bayes Nets", ''
Trends in Cognitive Sciences ''Trends in Cognitive Sciences'' (''TiCS'') is a monthly peer-reviewed review journal published by Cell Press. It is one of 14 journals in the '' Trends'' series. its editor is Lindsey Drayton. ''Journal Citation Reports'' (Thomson Reuters) lists ...
'', Vol. 7, No. 1 (2003), 43-47. *(with Alison Gopnik, David M. Sobel, Laura E. Schulz, Tamar Kushnir, and David Danks). "A theory of causal learning in children: Causal maps and Bayes nets", '' Psychological Review, Vol. 111, No. 1 (2004). *"Freud, Kepler, and the clinical evidence", in R. Wollheim and J. Hopkins, eds. '' Philosophical Essays on Freud'', Cambridge University Press 1982. *and many others dating back to 1970.


References


External links


IHMC websiteCarnegie Mellon Department of Philosophy faculty page
{{DEFAULTSORT:Glymour, Clark 1942 births Living people American logicians Philosophers of science Indiana University alumni Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition people 20th-century American philosophers Carnegie Mellon University faculty Place of birth missing (living people) Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences University of New Mexico alumni