Chu Văn An (1292–1370, born Chu An) was a

Confucian Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or ...

, teacher, physician and high-ranking mandarin of the

Trần Dynasty The Trần dynasty, ( Vietnamese: Nhà Trần, chữ Nôm: 茹陳）also known as the House of Trần, was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled over the Kingdom of Đại Việt from 1225 to 1400. The dynasty was founded when emperor Trần Thá ...

Đại Việt Đại Việt (, ; literally Great Việt), often known as Annam ( vi, An Nam, Chữ Hán: 安南), was a monarchy in eastern Mainland Southeast Asia from the 10th century AD to the early 19th century, centered around the region of present-day H ...

Biography

He was born in Văn Thôn village, Quang Liệt commune, present day Thanh Tri district,

Hanoi Hanoi or Ha Noi ( or ; vi, Hà Nội ) is the capital and second-largest city of Vietnam. It covers an area of . It consists of 12 urban districts, one district-leveled town and 17 rural districts. Located within the Red River Delta, Hanoi i ...

. In the early life, he was famous as a straightforward man who passed the doctoral examination (Thái Học Sinh / 太學生) but refused to become a mandarin. Instead, An opened a school and began his career as a Confucian teacher in Huỳnh Cung village in Thanh Tri. An's teaching played an important role in spreading Confucianism into a Buddhist Vietnam in this time. Under the reign of

Tran Minh Tong Tran may refer to: Arts, media, and entertainment * "Tran", a novel in the Janissaries series named for a fictional planet * Dr. Tran, an animated miniseries People * Trần (陳), a Vietnamese surname * Tran, member of the Nazi-era comedy duo ...

(1314–1329), he became a teacher at the imperial academy (國子監) where he was responsible for teaching the crown prince Vuong, the future emperor Tran Hien Tong. Under the reign of emperor Tran Du Tong, he was raised to a high-ranking mandarin. Chu Van An

Later, he resigned and return to his home-village because Tran Du Tong refused his request of beheading seven other mandarins who he accused of corruption. For the rest of his life, An continued his teaching career and wrote books. He died of illness in 1370. An altar was erected in his honour in the Temple of Literature in Hanoi, where he is still revered.

Petition to behead 7 corrupt officials

Seven decapitations petition (Chinese: 七斬疏) was a document written by Chu Văn An and presented to King Trần Dụ Tông to propose the beheading of 7 officials he considered corrupt. Initially, as Dụ Tông was still a little child, the King Father - King Trần Minh Tông - was in charge of the court. After King Trần Minh Tông passed away (in 1357), Dụ Tông Trần Hạo took charge. However, he was incapable of ruling. During Trần Dụ Tông's reign, the social situation was disturbing. Dụ Tông loved drinking, having fun with pretty women and music. Officials were incompetent, pampering the King so that they could abuse their power. Famine was widespread. The King's loyal and dutiful subjects were killed. The court's historians, whose job was to dissuade the King, tried but Dụ Tông did not listen. Chu Văn An was a righteous and straightforward official highly respected in the court. He bravely submitted a petition to behead 7 corrupt officials. The petition has been lost thus now its content is unknown. Even at that time though, few people knew who were on his list. Still, the petition shook the country. As the King did not listen to his petition, Chu Văn An resigned and returned to his home village in Phoenix Mountain, Chí Linh, Hải Dương.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chu, Van An 1292 births 1370 deaths Vietnamese Confucianists Vietnamese politicians Trần dynasty officials Trần dynasty writers 14th-century Vietnamese philosophers

Biography

Petition to behead 7 corrupt officials

See also

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