Choe U (; 1166 - 10 December 1249) was the second

Choe Choi is a Korean family surname. As of the South Korean census of 2015, there were around 2.3 million people by this name in South Korea or roughly 4.7% of the population. In English-speaking countries, it is most often anglicized ''Choi'', an ...

dictator of the Ubong Choe Military regime. He himself went out on the battlefield to lead in fighting off the Mongolian invasions. Then he realized that the government was no longer safe at the capital city of

Kaesong Kaesong (, ) is a special city in the southern part of North Korea (formerly in North Hwanghae Province), and the capital of Korea during the Taebong kingdom and subsequent Goryeo dynasty. The city is near the Kaesong Industrial Region close t ...

, and so he forced the

king King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen regnant, queen, which title is also given to the queen consort, consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contempora ...

and his officials to flee to Ganghwa island. He took some of his armies and went to Ganghwa island with them. He did this because he knew that the Mongols would not attempt a naval assault against Ganghwa. Therefore, the Goryeo government was kept safe for several decades even after the Choe regime.

Background

Choe U was the son of the

Goryeo Dynasty Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unificat ...

military regime's founder,

Choe Chung-Heon Choe Chung-heon (1149 – 29 October 1219) was a military ruler of Korea during the Goryeo period. Choe's father was a Grand General in the Goryeo military, hence precipitating his own entry into the military. Choe witnessed military men becom ...

(최충헌,崔忠獻), and grandson of the Grand General Choe Won-Ho (최원호,崔元浩). Choe U's birthdate is unknown, but it is known that the Choe family lived in the capital of

at the time when

assassinated Yi Ui-Min. Choe U was around the age of seventeen when his father

assassinate Assassination is the murder of a prominent or important person, such as a head of state, head of government, politician, world leader, member of a royal family or CEO. The murder of a celebrity, activist, or artist, though they may not have a ...

d the tyrant Yi in 1196, and saw how his father amassed and wielded power. Choe U was said to have been a skilled general and fighter as well as an exceptional statesman.

Early life

He joined the Imperial army at the age of eighteen and served for about twenty years, and continued to serve while he was

dictator A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute power. A dictatorship is a state ruled by one dictator or by a small clique. The word originated as the title of a Roman dictator elected by the Roman Senate to rule the republic in time ...

. Not much is known about Choe U's early life. There was the incident of succeeding his father. When the time came for

to select a successor, he had two choices. He selected ''U'' because he was the first son, and he was the more talented and capable of the two. U's brother, Hyang, did not take this lightly and so the two brothers faced each other in a

sword A sword is an edged, bladed weapon intended for manual cutting or thrusting. Its blade, longer than a knife or dagger, is attached to a hilt and can be straight or curved. A thrusting sword tends to have a straighter blade with a pointed ti ...

duel A duel is an arranged engagement in combat between two people, with matched weapons, in accordance with agreed-upon rules. During the 17th and 18th centuries (and earlier), duels were mostly single combats fought with swords (the rapier and ...

, and it ended in U's victory. U did not kill his brother, but put his fate in his father's hands. Choe Chung-Heon announced that U would be his successor, and U became the Royal protector/prime minister, and leader of the Imperial Council.

Dictator

Choe U controlled the Goryeo government with King Gojong as his puppet. He was able to preserve the Goryeo empire by hiding the government on Ganghwa island. At the same time, Choe U did a better of appeasing the people than his father had done. He returned all of the treasures and that his father had taken and distributed it to the people. With this, the people of

Goryeo Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unificat ...

became more willing to live under a dictatorship. Choe U's rule was mostly composed of Mongolian Invasions. He directly led Goryeo forces to fight off the first Mongol Invasion.

Death and succession

Choe U died suddenly of disease during the first Mongol invasion attempt of

, and he was succeeded by his son Choe Hang.

Family

*Father: Choi Chung-heon (1149 - 29 October 1219) (최충헌) **Grandfather: Choi Won-ho (최원호) **Grandmother: Lady Yu (부인 유씨) *Mother: Lady Song (부인 송씨) **Grandfather: Song Cheong (송청) *Wives and their issue(s): **Lady, of the Hadong Jeong clan (? - 1231) (부인 하동 정씨); daughter of Jeong Suk-cheom (정숙첨). ***Lady Choe Song-yi (최송이); married Gim Yak-seon (김약선). ****Grandson: Gim Mi (김미) ****Grandson: Gim Wi-hang (김위항) ****Grandson: Gim Pil-yeong (김필영) *****Great-granddaughter: Queen Jeongsun (정순왕후, 1222 - 29 July 1237) ***Lady Choe (부인 최씨) **Lady, of the Hyeopgye Dae clan (? - 1251) (부인 협계 대씨); daughter of Dae Jip-seong (대집성 , d. 1236). ***Oh Seung-jeok (오승적) – stepson, died after killed by Choe Hang. **Lady, of the Cheorwon Choe clan (부인 철원 최씨) **Lady Seo Ryeon-bang (서련방) – a prostitute. ***Choe Man-jong (최만종) *** Choe Hang (1209 – 17 May 1257) (최항) **Lady An Sim (안심)Later married to military dictator

Kim Jun Kim Jun (? - 1268) also known as Kim In-kun was the ninth military leader who ruled during the late period of the Goryeo military regime. Biography His father was Kim Yun-Seong, a slave who betrayed his master, Choe Chung-Heon and fight with ...

Notes