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Chlamyphoridae is a family of
Chlamyphoridae is a family of cingulate
Cingulata, part of the superorder Xenarthra, is an order of armored New World placental mammals. Dasypodids and chlamyphorids, the armadillos, are the only surviving families in the order. Two groups of cingulates much larger than extant arm ...
mammals. While glyptodonts have traditionally been considered stem-group cingulates outside the group that contains modern armadillo
Armadillos (meaning "little armored ones" in Spanish) are New World placental mammals in the order Cingulata. The Chlamyphoridae and Dasypodidae are the only surviving families in the order, which is part of the superorder Xenarthra, along wi ...
s, there had been speculation that the extant family Dasypodidae
Dasypodidae is a family of mostly extinct genera of armadillos. One genus, ''Dasypus'', is extant, with at least seven living species.
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Classification
Below is a taxonomy of armadillos in this family.
Family Dasypodidae
*† Genus ...
could be paraphyletic
In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...
based on morphological evidence. In 2016, an analysis of ''Doedicurus
''Doedicurus'', or ''Dædicurus'', is an extinct genus of glyptodont from South America containing one species, ''D. clavicaudatus''. Glyptodonts are a member of the family Chlamyphoridae, which also includes some modern armadillo species, ...
'' mtDNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA ...
found it was, in fact, nested within the modern armadillos as the sister group of a clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
consisting of Chlamyphorinae
Chlamyphorinae is a subfamily of South American armadillos in the family Chlamyphoridae. Members of this subfamily, the fairy armadillos, are largely fossorial and have reduced eyes and robust forearms with large claws for digging.
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and Tolypeutinae
Tolypeutinae is a subfamily of armadillos in the family Chlamyphoridae, consisting of the giant, three-banded and naked-tailed armadillos.
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Taxonomy
It contains the following genera:
*''Cabassous''
*''Kuntinaru''
*''Priodontes''
*''To ...
. For this reason, all extant armadillos but '' Dasypus'' were relocated to a new family.
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Classification
Below is a taxonomy of the extant species of armadillos in this family. Family Chlamyphoridae * SubfamilyChlamyphorinae
Chlamyphorinae is a subfamily of South American armadillos in the family Chlamyphoridae. Members of this subfamily, the fairy armadillos, are largely fossorial and have reduced eyes and robust forearms with large claws for digging.
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Ta ...
** Genus '' Calyptophractus''
*** Greater fairy armadillo, ''Calyptophractus retusus''
** Genus '' Chlamyphorus''
*** Pink fairy armadillo, ''Chlamyphorus truncatus''
* Subfamily Euphractinae
Euphractinae is an armadillo subfamily in the family Chlamyphoridae.
Euphractinae are known for having a well developed osteoderm that has large cavities filled with adipose tissue, and more hair follicles with well developed sebaceous glands i ...
** Genus ''Euphractus
The six-banded armadillo (''Euphractus sexcinctus''), also known as the yellow armadillo, is an armadillo found in South America. The sole extant member of its genus, it was first described by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The six- ...
''
***Six-banded armadillo
The six-banded armadillo (''Euphractus sexcinctus''), also known as the yellow armadillo, is an armadillo found in South America. The sole extant member of its genus, it was first described by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The six-b ...
, ''Euphractus sexcinctus''
** Genus ''Zaedyus
The pichi (''Zaedyus pichiy''), dwarf armadillo or pygmy armadillo is an armadillo native to Argentina. It is the only living member of the genus ''Zaedyus'', and the only armadillo to hibernate.
Description
Pichis are relatively small armadi ...
''
***Pichi
The pichi (''Zaedyus pichiy''), dwarf armadillo or pygmy armadillo is an armadillo native to Argentina. It is the only living member of the genus ''Zaedyus'', and the only armadillo to hibernate.
Description
Pichis are relatively small armadi ...
, ''Zaedyus pichiy''
** Genus '' Chaetophractus''
***Screaming hairy armadillo
The screaming hairy armadillo (''Chaetophractus vellerosus'') is a species of armadillo also known as the small screaming armadillo, crying armadillo or the small hairy armadillo. It is a burrowing armadillo found in the central and southern part ...
, ''Chaetophractus vellerosus''
*** Big hairy armadillo, ''Chaetophractus villosus''
***Andean hairy armadillo
The Andean hairy armadillo (''Chaetophractus nationi'') is an armadillo found mainly in Bolivia, in the region of the Puna; the departments of Oruro, La Paz, and Cochabamba (Gardner, 1993). Nowark (1991) describes it as distributed in Bolivia a ...
, ''Chaetophractus nationi''
* Subfamily Tolypeutinae
Tolypeutinae is a subfamily of armadillos in the family Chlamyphoridae, consisting of the giant, three-banded and naked-tailed armadillos.
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Taxonomy
It contains the following genera:
*''Cabassous''
*''Kuntinaru''
*''Priodontes''
*''To ...
** Genus ''Cabassous
''Cabassous'' is a genus of South and Central American armadillos. The name is the Latinised form of the Kalini word for "armadillo".
Cladogram of living ''Cabassous''
The genus contains the following four species
In biology, a specie ...
''
*** Greater naked-tailed armadillo, ''Cabassous tatouay''
***Chacoan naked-tailed armadillo
The Chacoan naked-tailed armadillo (''Cabassous chacoensis'') is a species of South American armadillo.
It is the smallest of the naked-tailed armadillos, having an average head-body length of , while the other species range from . They also ha ...
, ''Cabassous chacoensis''
*** Northern naked-tailed armadillo, ''Cabassous centralis''
*** Southern naked-tailed armadillo, ''Cabassous unicinctus''
** Genus ''Priodontes
The giant armadillo (''Priodontes maximus''), colloquially ''tatu-canastra'', ''tatou'', ''ocarro'' or ''tatú carreta'', is the largest living species of armadillo (although their extinct relatives, the glyptodonts, were much larger). It live ...
''
*** Giant armadillo, ''Priodontes maximus''
** Genus ''Tolypeutes
The genus ''Tolypeutes'' contains the two species of three-banded armadillos. They are restricted to open and semi-open habitats in South America.
Of the several armadillo genera, only ''Tolypeutes'' rely heavily on their armor for protection. ...
''
***Southern three-banded armadillo
The southern three-banded armadillo (''Tolypeutes matacus''), also known as La Plata three-banded armadillo or Azara's domed armadillo, is an armadillo species from South America. It is found in parts of southwestern Brazil, northern Argentina, ...
, ''Tolypeutes matacus''
*** Brazilian three-banded armadillo, ''Tolypeutes tricinctus''
Phylogeny
Chlamyphoridae, likeDasypodidae
Dasypodidae is a family of mostly extinct genera of armadillos. One genus, ''Dasypus'', is extant, with at least seven living species.
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Classification
Below is a taxonomy of armadillos in this family.
Family Dasypodidae
*† Genus ...
, is a basal clade within Cingulata, as shown below.
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q22924208 Cingulates Xenarthrans Mammal families