The Chin–Doihara Agreement (; ja, 土肥原・秦徳純協定, Doihara-Qín Déchún) was a

treaty A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal pe ...

that resolved the North Chahar Incident of 27 June 1935 between the

Empire of Japan The also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was a historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post-World War II Constitution of Japan, 1947 constitu ...

and Republic of China. The agreement was made between

Kwantung Army ''Kantō-gun'' , image = Kwantung Army Headquarters.JPG , image_size = 300px , caption = Kwantung Army headquarters in Hsinking, Manchukuo , dates = April ...

negotiator,

Kenji Doihara was a Japanese army officer. As a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, he was instrumental in the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. As a leading intelligence officer, he played a key role to the Japanese machinations that ...

, representing Japan, and Deputy Commander of the

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Tai ...

29th Army, General Qin Dechun (Chin Techun), representing China. It resulted in the

demilitarisation Demilitarisation or demilitarization may mean the reduction of state armed forces; it is the opposite of militarisation in many respects. For instance, the demilitarisation of Northern Ireland entailed the reduction of British security and militar ...

of Chahar. As a result of the Chin–Doihara Agreement it was agreed:Shuhsi Hsu (1937) ''The North China Problem'' Kelly & Walsh, Shanghai, page 21 :1.) The commander of the regiment that detained the Japanese soldiers and the judge advocate of the division concerned were to be dismissed and punished. :2.) All units of the Chinese 29th Army were to be withdrawn from the districts of Chahar province north of Changpei. :3.) Maintenance of peace and order there was to be entrusted to the Peace Preservation Corps of Chahar Province. :4.) No Chinese were to be permitted to migrate to and settle in the northern part of Chahar province in the future. :5.) No activities of the Kuomintang were to be permitted in Chahar province. :6.) All anti-Japanese institutions and acts were to be banned in Chahar province. As a result of the Agreement, Qin became head of the Chahar Provisional Government. As with the previous He-Umezu Agreement which gave Japan virtual control over the province of

Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0 ...

, the Chin–Doihara Agreement was a first step in the establishment of Japanese control over northern China and

Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a ...

. The Agreement resulted in considerable

anti-Japanese sentiment in China Anti-Japanese sentiment in China is an issue with modern roots (post-1868). Modern anti-Japanese sentiment in China is often rooted in nationalist or historical conflict, for example the atrocities and war crimes committed by the Japanese in the ...

and was one of the causes of the

December 9th Movement The December 9th Movement () was a mass protest led by students in Beiping (present-day Beijing) on December 9, 1935 to demand that the Chinese government actively resist Japanese aggression. Background After the Japanese Imperial Force occupied ...

at the end of 1935.

Notes

References

*
International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Chapter 5: Japanese Aggression Against China
Second Sino-Japanese War War treaties 1935 in Japan 1935 in China Treaties of the Republic of China (1912–1949) Treaties concluded in 1935 Treaties of the Empire of Japan 1935 in military history China–Japan treaties {{China-hist-stub

See also

Notes

References