A Chikungunya vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide

acquired immunity The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune system, is a subsystem of the immune system that is composed of specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth. The acquired immune system ...

against the chikungunya virus. The most commonly reported side effects include headache, fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, fever, nausea and tenderness at the injection site. The first chikungunya vaccine was approved for medical use in the United States in November 2023.

Medical uses

The chikungunya vaccine is

indicated In medicine, an indication is a valid reason to use a certain test, medication, procedure, or surgery. There can be multiple indications to use a procedure or medication. An indication can commonly be confused with the term diagnosis. A diagnosis ...

for the prevention of disease caused by chikungunya virus in individuals 18 years of age and older who are at high risk of exposure to the chikungunya virus.

History

The safety of the chikungunya vaccine was evaluated in two clinical studies conducted in North America in which about 3,500 participants 18 years of age and older received a dose of the vaccine with one study including about 1,000 participants who received a placebo. The effectiveness of the chikungunya vaccine is based on immune response data from a clinical study conducted in the United States in individuals 18 years of age and older. In this study, the immune response of 266 participants who received the vaccine was compared to the immune response of 96 participants who received placebo. The level of antibody evaluated in study participants was based on a level shown to be protective in non-human primates that had received blood from people who had been vaccinated. Almost all vaccine study participants achieved this antibody level. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the application for the chikungunya vaccine fast track, breakthrough therapy, and priority review designations. The FDA granted approval of Ixchiq to

Valneva __NOTOC__ Valneva SE is a French biotech company headquartered in Saint-Herblain, France, developing and commercializing vaccines for infectious diseases. It has manufacturing sites in Livingston, Scotland; Solna, Sweden, and Vienna, Austria, wit ...

Austria GmbH.

Society and culture

Legal status

In May 2024, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the

European Medicines Agency The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is an agency of the European Union (EU) in charge of the evaluation and supervision of medicinal products. Prior to 2004, it was known as the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products or Euro ...

(EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Ixchiq, intended for the prevention of chikungunya disease in adults. The applicant for this medicinal product is Valneva Austria GmbH. Ixchiq was reviewed under EMA's accelerated assessment program. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. It contains the live attenuated chikungunya virus (CHIKV) Δ5nsP3 strain of the ECSA/IOL genotype. Ixchiq was approved for medical use in the European Union in June 2024.

Research

A phase-II vaccine trial used a live, attenuated virus, to develop viral resistance in 98% of those tested after 28 days and 85% still showed resistance after one year. However, 8% of people reported transient joint pain, and attenuation was found to be due to only two mutations in the E2 glycoprotein. Alternative vaccine strategies have been developed, and show efficacy in mouse models. In August 2014, researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the USA tested an experimental vaccine using virus-like particles (VLPs) instead of attenuated virus. All of the 25 people participating in this phase I trial developed strong immune responses. As of 2015, a phase II trial was planned, using 400 adults aged 18 to 60 and to take place at six locations in the

Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...

. In 2021, two vaccine manufacturers, one in France, the other in the United States, reported successful completion of phase II clinical trials.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chikungunya Vaccine Vaccines