Chemins de Fer du Nord

The Chemins de fer du Nord''French locomotive built in 1846''
at National Railway Museum website. Retrieved 28 July 2013 (french: Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord or ''CF du Nord''), ( en, Northern Railway Company) often referred to simply as the Nord company, was a rail transport company, created in Paris, France, in September 1845. It was owned by, among others, Rothschild banking family of France, de Rothschild Frères of France, Rothschild & Co, N M Rothschild & Sons of London, England, Charles Laffitte and Edward Charles Blount, Edward Blount (Charles Laffitte, Blount & Co), and Baron Jean–Henri Hottinguer. James Mayer de Rothschild, Baron James de Rothschild served as the company's president from its inception until his death in 1868.

History

A royal ordnance, dated 10 September 1845, granted the CF du Nord a concession to build a railway from Paris to Valenciennes and Lille, with branch lines to Dunkirk and Calais, and lines from Creil to Saint-Quentin, Aisne, Saint-Quentin and Fampoux to Hazebrouck. From the Gare du Nord, the station the company built in Paris, the Paris–Lille railway led north towards Belgium, connecting to Amiens, Douai and Lille in 1846, with a branch line from Douai to Valenciennes. Lille and Valenciennes had already been connected to the Belgium, Belgian railway network in 1842. The new line made it possible to travel by train from Paris to Brussels and further.

The network was rapidly expanded in the following years:

Competition

The potential for expansion of the CF du Nord territory was limited by other companies: the Chemins de fer de l'Ouest to its south-west, and the Chemins de fer de l'Est to its east. By opening a line from Paris to Hirson ''via'' Soissons and Laon from 1860 to 1871, the CF du Nord protected its eastern border against CF de l'Est expansion. The concession for the line from Creil to Beauvais, owned by CF de l'Est predecessor ''Chemins de fer des Ardennes'', was exchanged for the Nord's concession for Laon–Reims in 1855.

In 1937, the CF du Nord was nationalised, as were the other main railway companies, to become part of the SNCF, Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF).

Activity

In 1926, in conjunction with the British Southern Railway (UK), Southern Railway, the CF du Nord began running a regular luxury passenger train, Golden Arrow (train), Golden Arrow/La Flèche d’Or (train), Fleche d'Or, from London to Paris. Four containers were used to transport of passengers' baggage. These containers were loaded in London or Paris and carried to the ports of Dover or Calais, on flat cars in the UK, and "CIWL Pullman Golden Arrow Fourgon of CIWL" in France.

In the arts

In 1855, Baron Rothschild commissioned photographer Edouard Baldus to take a series of photographs of the various landmarks on the railway line between Boulogne-sur-Mer and Paris. The photographs were used to create an album for Victoria of the United Kingdom, Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Albert, as a souvenir of their visit to France that year. The album can be seen in the photographic collection in the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle.

Locomotives of the Nord

References

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chemin De Fer Du Nord
Chemins de Fer du Nord,
Rothschild family, *
Railway companies of France