Charles Wood (15 June 1866 – 12 July 1926) was an Irish composer and teacher; his students included

Ralph Vaughan Williams Ralph Vaughan Williams, (; 12 October 1872– 26 August 1958) was an English composer. His works include operas, ballets, chamber music, secular and religious vocal pieces and orchestral compositions including nine symphonies, written over ...

Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cambridge bec ...

and

Herbert Howells Herbert Norman Howells (17 October 1892 – 23 February 1983) was an English composer, organist, and teacher, most famous for his large output of Anglican church music. Life Background and early education Howells was born in Lydney, Gloucest ...

at the

Royal College of Music The Royal College of Music is a music school, conservatoire established by royal charter in 1882, located in South Kensington, London, UK. It offers training from the Undergraduate education, undergraduate to the Doctorate, doctoral level in a ...

. He is primarily remembered and performed as an Anglican church music composer, but he also wrote songs and chamber music, particularly for string quartet.

Career

Born in Vicars' Hill in the Cathedral precincts of

Armagh Armagh ( ; ga, Ard Mhacha, , "Macha's height") is the county town of County Armagh and a city in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish. It is the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland – the seat of the Archbishops of Armagh, the Pri ...

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

, Charles was the fifth child and third son of Charles Wood Sr. and Jemima Wood. The boy was a treble chorister in the choir of the nearby St. Patrick's Cathedral (Church of Ireland). His father sang tenor as a stipendiary 'Gentleman' or 'Lay Vicar Choral' in the Cathedral choir and was also the Diocesan Registrar of the church. He was a cousin of Irish composer

Ina Boyle Ina Boyle (8 March 1889 – 10 March 1967) was an Irish composer. Her compositions encompass a broad spectrum of genres and include choral, chamber and orchestral works as well as opera, ballet and vocal music. While a number of her works, incl ...

. Wood received his early education at the Cathedral Choir School and also studied organ with two organists and masters of the Boys of Armagh Cathedral, Robert Turle and his successor Dr Thomas Marks. In 1883 he became one of fifty inaugural class members of the

, studying composition with

Charles Villiers Stanford Sir Charles Villiers Stanford (30 September 1852 – 29 March 1924) was an Anglo-Irish composer, music teacher, and conductor of the late Romantic music, Romantic era. Born to a well-off and highly musical family in Dublin, Stanford was ed ...

and

Charles Hubert Hastings Parry Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry, 1st Baronet (27 February 18487 October 1918) was an English composer, teacher and historian of music. Born in Richmond Hill in Bournemouth, Parry's first major works appeared in 1880. As a composer he is be ...

primarily, and

horn Horn most often refers to: *Horn (acoustic), a conical or bell shaped aperture used to guide sound ** Horn (instrument), collective name for tube-shaped wind musical instruments *Horn (anatomy), a pointed, bony projection on the head of various ...

and piano secondarily. Following four years of training, he continued his studies at

Selwyn College, Cambridge Selwyn College, Cambridge (formally Selwyn College in the University of Cambridge) is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college was founded in 1882 by the Selwyn Memorial Committee in memory of George Augustus Selwyn (18 ...

, through 1889, where he began teaching

harmony In music, harmony is the process by which individual sounds are joined together or composed into whole units or compositions. Often, the term harmony refers to simultaneously occurring frequencies, pitches ( tones, notes), or chords. However ...

and

counterpoint In music, counterpoint is the relationship between two or more musical lines (or voices) which are harmonically interdependent yet independent in rhythm and melodic contour. It has been most commonly identified in the European classical tradi ...

. In 1889 he attained a teaching position at

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge Gonville and Caius College, often referred to simply as Caius ( ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of th ...

, first as

organ scholar An organ scholar is a young musician employed as a part-time assistant organist at a cathedral, church or institution where regular choral services are held. The idea of an organ scholarship is to provide the holder with playing, directing and adm ...

and then as fellow in 1894, becoming their first director of music and organist. He was instrumental in the reflowering of music at the college, though more as a teacher and organiser of musical events than as composer. After Stanford died in 1924, Wood assumed his mentor's vacant role as Professor of Music at the

University of Cambridge , mottoeng = Literal: From here, light and sacred draughts. Non literal: From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge. , established = , other_name = The Chancellor, Masters and Schola ...

. According to his successor at Cambridge, Edward J Dent, as a teacher of composition, Wood "was surpassed only by Stanford himself ndas a teacher of counterpoint and fugue he was unequalled". His pupils at Cambridge included Ralph Vaughan Williams,

Nicholas Gatty Nicholas Comyn Gatty (13 September 1874 – 10 November 1946) was an English composer and music critic. As a composer his major output was opera, which was generally musically undistinguished but well-presented theatrically. As a critic he w ...

Arthur Bliss Sir Arthur Edward Drummond Bliss (2 August 189127 March 1975) was an English composer and conductor. Bliss's musical training was cut short by the First World War, in which he served with distinction in the army. In the post-war years he qu ...

Cecil Armstrong Gibbs Cecil Armstrong Gibbs (10 August 1889 – 12 May 1960) was a prolific and versatile English composer. Though best known for his choral music and, in particular, songs, Gibbs also devoted much of his career to the amateur choral and festival mov ...

and W Denis Browne. Dent says that, because Stanford did not reside in Cambridge, Wood took on the real burden on teaching for many years before his own election as Professor of Music, by which time his health was already undermined. He died in July 1926 after only two years in the post.

Personal life

He married Charlotte Georgina Wills-Sandford, daughter of William Robert Wills-Sandford, of

Castlerea Castlerea (; ) is the third largest town in County Roscommon, Ireland. It is located in the west of the county and had a population of 1,992 at the 2016 Census. Roughly translated from Irish, Castlerea is generally thought to mean 'brindled ca ...

County Roscommon "Steadfast Irish heart" , image_map = Island of Ireland location map Roscommon.svg , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Ireland , subdivision_type1 = Province , subdivision_name1 = Connacht , subdi ...

, Ireland, on 17 March 1898. They had two sons and three daughters, including Lieutenant Patrick Bryan Sandford Wood

R.A.F. The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and ...

(1899-1918), who was killed in an aircraft accident during the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

and is buried at

Taranto Taranto (, also ; ; nap, label= Tarantino, Tarde; Latin: Tarentum; Old Italian: ''Tarento''; Ancient Greek: Τάρᾱς) is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto, serving as an important com ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

.Andrew Johnstone, ''Charles Wood'' (Dictionary of Irish Biography), 2009
The family's address in Cambridge was 17, Cranmer Road. He is buried at the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge, together with his wife. There is a memorial to him in the north aisle at St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh.

Music

Like his better-known colleague Stanford, Wood is chiefly remembered for his

Anglican church music Anglican church music is music that is written for Christian worship in Anglican religious services, forming part of the liturgy. It mostly consists of pieces written to be sung by a church choir, which may sing ''a cappella'' or accompanied b ...

. As well as his

Communion Service Mass is the main Eucharistic liturgical service in many forms of Western Christianity. The term ''Mass'' is commonly used in the Catholic Church, in the Western Rite Orthodox, in Old Catholic, and in Independent Catholic churches. The term is ...

in the

Phrygian Mode The Phrygian mode (pronounced ) can refer to three different musical modes: the ancient Greek ''tonos'' or ''harmonia,'' sometimes called Phrygian, formed on a particular set of octave species or scales; the Medieval Phrygian mode, and the modern ...

, his settings of the

Magnificat The Magnificat (Latin for "

y soul Y, or y, is the twenty-fifth and penultimate letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. According to some authorities, it is the sixth (or sevent ...

magnifies

he Lord He or HE may refer to: Language * He (pronoun), an English pronoun * He (kana), the romanization of the Japanese kana へ * He (letter), the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets * He (Cyrillic), a letter of the Cyrillic script called ''He'' ...

) is a canticle, also known as the Song of Mary, the Canticle of Mary and, in the Eastern Christianity, Byzantine tradition, the Ode of the Theotokos (). It is traditionally incorporated ...

and

Nunc dimittis The Nunc dimittis (), also known as the Song of Simeon or the Canticle of Simeon, is a canticle taken from the second chapter of the Gospel of Luke, verses 29 through 32. Its Latin name comes from its incipit, the opening words, of the Vulgate t ...

are still popular with cathedral and parish church choirs, particularly the services in F, D, and G, and the two settings in E flat. During

Passiontide Passiontide (in the Christian liturgical year) is a name for the last two weeks of Lent, beginning on the Fifth Sunday of Lent, long celebrated as Passion Sunday, and continuing through Lazarus Saturday. The second week of Passiontide is Holy Wee ...

his '' St Mark Passion'', written in 1920 for

Eric Milner-White Eric Milner Milner-White, (23 April 1884 – 15 June 1963) was a British Anglican priest, academic, and decorated military chaplain. He was a founder of the Oratory of the Good Shepherd, an Anglican dispersed community, and served as its superi ...

, the then Dean of King’s College, Cambridge, is sometimes performed. It demonstrates Wood's interest in modal composition, in contrast to the late romantic harmonic style he more usually employs. Wood's anthems with organ, ''Expectans expectavi'', and ''O Thou, the Central Orb'' are both frequently performed and recorded; as are his unaccompanied anthems ''Tis the day of Resurrection'', ''Glory and Honour'' and, most popular of all, ''Hail, gladdening light'' and its lesser-known equivalent for men's voices, ''Great Lord of Lords''. All Wood's ''a cappella'' music demonstrates fastidious craftsmanship and a supreme mastery of the genre, and he is no less resourceful in his accompanied choral works which sometimes include unison sections and have stirring organ accompaniments, conveying a satisfying warmth and richness of emotional expression appropriate to his carefully chosen texts. After the fashion of the time Wood composed a series of secular choral cantatas between 1885 and 1905, including ''On Time'' (1897-8, setting

Milton Milton may refer to: Names * Milton (surname), a surname (and list of people with that surname) ** John Milton (1608–1674), English poet * Milton (given name) ** Milton Friedman (1912–2006), Nobel laureate in Economics, author of '' Free t ...

), ''Dirge for Two Veterans'' (1901, setting

Walt Whitman Walter Whitman (; May 31, 1819 – March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among t ...

), and ''A Ballad of Dundee'' (1904, setting W.E. Aytoun). There were also madrigals (including ''If Love be Dead'', setting

Coleridge Samuel Taylor Coleridge (; 21 October 177225 July 1834) was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher, and theologian who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poe ...

), part songs (such as ''Full Fathom Five'') and solo songs, one of which, ''Ethiopia Saluting the Colours'' (setting

) attained high popularity. Of the orchestral works, both the Piano Concerto (1886) and the ''Patrick Sarsfield Variations'' (1899) remained unpublished, although the ''Variations'' received a performance at the

Queen's Hall The Queen's Hall was a concert hall in Langham Place, London, opened in 1893. Designed by the architect Thomas Knightley, it had room for an audience of about 2,500 people. It became London's principal concert venue. From 1895 until 1941, it ...

Beecham Concerts in 1907.

Walter Starkie Walter Fitzwilliam Starkie CMG, CBE, Litt.D (9 August 1894 – 2 November 1976) was an Irish scholar, Hispanist, writer and musician. His reputation is principally based on his popular travel writing: ''Raggle-Taggle'' (1933), ''Spanish Raggle ...

said the work "shows his power of creating what may be called the Irish atmosphere in music". It has been revived in modern times by the

Ulster Orchestra The Ulster Orchestra, based in Belfast, is the only full-time professional orchestra in Northern Ireland. The orchestra plays the majority of its concerts in Belfast's Ulster Hall and Waterfront Hall. It also gives concerts across the United Ki ...

, conducted by Simon Joly. However, Wood appears to have lost confidence and abandoned the orchestral medium after 1905. Three symphonies and an opera remained uncompleted. He also composed eight string quartets (six numbered, plus the ''Variations on an Irish Folk Tune'' and a first movement fragment in G minor), spanning 1885 to 1917. The early quartets show the influence of Brahms, but from No. 3 in A minor (1911) a more personal voice emerges, partly through the use of Irish folk melodies and dance tunes as thematic material. There is a modern recording of No. 3 by the

Lindsay Quartet The Lindsay String Quartet (or The Lindsays) was a British string quartet from 1965 to 2005. History The quartet first performed at the Royal Academy of Music in 1965 to compete for a prize and set out to make the string quartets of Bartók a ...

. The quartets were edited after the composer's death by Edward Dent and published in a collected edition by Oxford University Press in 1929. Wood collaborated with priest and poet

George Ratcliffe Woodward George Ratcliffe Woodward (27 December 1848 – 3 March 1934) was an English Anglican priest who wrote mostly religious verse, both original and translated from ancient authors. The best-known of these were written to fit traditional melodies ...

in the revival and popularisation of renaissance tunes to new English religious texts, notably co-editing three books of

carols A carol is a festive song, generally religious but not necessarily connected with Christian church worship, and sometimes accompanied by a dance. A caroller (or caroler) is someone who sings carols, and is said to be carolling (or caroling). T ...

. He was co-founder (in 1904) of the Irish Folk Song Society.

List of works

Stage

* ''A Scene from Pickwick'', chamber opera in 1 act (after

Charles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian e ...

) (1921) * ''The Family Party'', chamber opera in 1 act (1923) * several pieces of incidental music to plays

Orchestral

* Piano Concerto in F major (1886) * ''Patrick Sarsfield. Symphonic Variations on an Irish Air'' (1899) * several unfinished symphonic fragments

Chamber music

String quartets

* No. 1 in D minor (1885) * No. 2 in E-flat major, "Highgate" (1892) * No. 3 in A minor (1911/12?) * No. 4 in E-flat major, "Harrogate" (1912) * No. 5 in F major (1914/15?) * No. 6 in D major (1915/16?) * ''Variations on an Irish Folk Tune'' (c.1917) * Quartet in G minor (fragment; c.1916/17)

Other

* Septet in C minor (1889) for clarinet, bassoon, horn, violin, viola, cello, bass * Quintet in F major (1891) for flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, bassoon * Sonata in A major (1890s) for violin & piano * ''Two Pieces'' (''Jig'', ''Planxty'') (1923) for violin & piano * ''Two Irish Dances'' (1927) for violin & piano

Solo instruments

Organ

* ''Variations and Fugue on 'Winchester Old (1908) * ''Three Preludes on Melodies from the Genevan Psalter'' (1908) * ''Sixteen Preludes on Melodies from the English and Scottish Psalters'' (1912) * ''Suite in the Ancient Style'' (1915?)

Piano

* ''The Choristers' March'' * ''Four Characteristic Pieces in Canon'', Op. 6 (1893)

Cantatas

* ''Spring's Summons'' (Alfred Perceval Graves) for soprano, tenor, baritone, mixed chorus and orchestra (1885) * ''Ode to the West Wind'', Op. 3 (P. B. Shelley) for tenor, mixed chorus and orchestra (1890) * ''Music – An Ode'' (A. C. Swinburne) for soprano, mixed chorus and orchestra (1893) * ''The White Island'' (Robert Herrick) for soprano, tenor, baritone, bass, mixed chorus and orchestra (1894) * ''On Time'' (Milton) for mixed chorus and orchestra (1898) * ''Dirge for two Veterans'' (Walt Whitman) for baritone, mixed chorus and orchestra (1901) * ''The Song of the Tempest'' (Walter Scott) for soprano, mixed chorus and orchestra (1903) * ''A Ballad of Dundee'' (W. E. Aytoun) for bass, mixed chorus and orchestra (1904) * ''Eden Spirits'' (E. B. Browning) for female voices and piano (1915?)

Sacred works

* '' Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in D'' (1898) * ''Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in c minor'' (1900) * ''Oculi omnium (canonic)'' (1904) * ''Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in F'' (1908) * ''Glorious and Powerful God'' (1910) * ''Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in G'' (1911) * ''Hail, Gladdening Light'' (1912, pub. 1919) * ''Glory and Honour and Laud'' (1912, pub. 1925) * ''Father, All-Holy'' (1912, pub. 1929) * ''O King Most High'' (1912, pub. 1932) * ''Once He came in Blessing'' (1912, pub. 1935) * ''Great Lord of Lords'' (1913) * ''Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in E'' (1913) * ''Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in G'' (1915) * ''Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in A flat'' (1915) * ''Magnificat and Nunc dimittis 'Collegium Regale in F (1915) * ''O Thou, the Central Orb'' (1915, setting of an 1873 poem by H.R. Bramley) * ''Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in E flat'' (1918) * ''Expectans expectavi'' (1919) * ''Haec dies'' (1919, pub. 1920) * ''Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in E flat 'no. 2 (posthumous) * ''St Mark Passion'' (1920) * ''Communion Setting 'in the Phrygian Mode (1923) * ''Magnificat and Nunc dimittis'' founded on an old Scotch chant (pub. 1926) * ''Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in a minor'' (pub. 1926) * ''O most merciful'' (pub.1927 with 'Oculi omnium') * ''Oculi omnium'' (pub.1927 with 'O most merciful') * ''Communion Service in c minor'' (pub. 1927) * ''Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in C'' (pub. 1927)

Smaller secular vocal works

Madrigals

* ''If Love be Dead'' (S.T. Coleridge) for SSATB (1886) * ''Slow, Slow Fresh Fount'' (Ben Johnson) for SSATB (1889) * ''The Bag of the Bee'' (Robert Herrick) for SSATB (pub. 1929)

Part songs

''Mixed voices'' (Scoring SATB unless noted) * ''How Sweet the Moonlight Sleeps'' for SSATB (1887/8?) * ''Blow, Blow thou Winter Wind'' (1888?) * ''The Hemlock Tree'' (1890/1?) * ''Full Fathom Five'' (1890/1?) * ''It was a Lover'' (1892/3?) * ''Wanderer's Night Song'' (1892/3) * ''The Widow Bird'' (1895/6?) * ''A Land Dirge'' (1898?) * ''The Countryman'' (1898?) * ''A Century's Penultimate'' for SSATBB (1899) * ''Nights of Music'' (1899?) * ''As the Moon's Soft Splendour'' (1905?) * ''The Whispering Waves'' (1905?) * ''I Call and I Call'' for SSATB (1905?) * ''How Sweet the Tuneful Bells'' (1906) * ''Come Sleep'' (1908?) * ''When Whispering Strains'' for SSATB (1908?) * ''Fain Would I Change'' (1908?) * ''Music, When Soft Voices Die'' (1908?) * ''Haymakers, Rakers'' (1908?) * ''Time'' (1914) * ''Awake, Awake'' (1914?) * ''Love, What Wilt Thou'' (1921?) * ''Follow, Follow'' (1922?) * ''Shepherd's Sunday Song'' (1923?) * ''Spring song'' (1923?) * ''Autumn'' (1924?) * ''Wassail'' (1925?) * ''Lullaby'' (pub. 1927) * ''The Lamb'' (pub. 1927) * ''Down in yon Summer Vale'', original for male voices (pub. 1927) * ''Hence Away, Begone'' (pub. 1929) * ''The Solitary Reaper'' (pub. 1930) * ''Rose-cheeked Laura'' (pub. 1931) * ''When to her Lute'' (pub. 1933) * ''Spring Time'' (pub. 1937) ''Male voices'' * ''It was a Lover'' for ATTB (1892/3?) * ''It was an English Ladye Bright'' for baritone solo and TTBB (1899) * ''Down in yon Summer Vale'' for TTBB (1901?) * ''There Comes a New Moon'' for ATTB (1907/8?) * ''When Winds that Move Not'' for ATTB (1912/13?) * ''The Russian Lover'' for TTBB (1921/2?) * ''Paty O'Toole'' for TTBB (1922) * ''There be None of Beauty's Daughters'' for ATTB (1926) * ''A Clear Midnight'' for TTBB (pub. 1926) * ''When thou art Nigh'' for TTBB (pub. 1927) * ''Neptune's Empire'' for TBB (pub. 1927) * ''Robin Hood'' for TBB (pub. 1927) * ''Carmen Caianum'' for unison men (1891/2?) ''Female voices'' * ''The Nymph's Faun'' for SSAA (1908?) * ''Echo'' for SSA and piano (1908/9?) * ''Cowslips for her Covering'' for SSAA and piano (1912/13?) * ''Good Precepts'' for SSA and piano (1912/13?) * ''Music When Soft Voices Die'' for SSA and piano (1914/15?) * ''Sunlight All Golden'' for SSSS and piano (1918) * ''The Starlings'' for SSA (1918/19?) * ''Lilies'' for SSA (1918/19?) * ''Golden Slumbers'' for SSSS (1919/20?) * ''To Music Bent'' for SSA and piano or two violins (1920/1?) * ''To Welcome in the Year'' for SSA (1923/24?) * ''The Blossom'' for SSA (pub. 1926) * ''What is a Day'' for SSA and piano (pub. 1927.)

Solo songs

* ''Irish Folk Songs'' (Alfred Perceval Graves) (1897) * ''Ethiopia Saluting the Colours'' (

) (1898) * ''Irish County Songs'' (Alfred Perceval Graves), three vols. (1914, 1927, 1928) * ''Anglo-Irish Folk Songs'' (Padraic Gregory) vol. I (pub. 1931) * and many more, including Irish folksong arrangements

Bibliography

* Ian Copley: ''The Music of Charles Wood: A Critical Study'' (London: Thames Publishing, 1978), * Ian Copley: "Charles Wood, 1886–1926", in ''The Musical Times'', vol. 107 (1966) no. 1480, pp. 489–492. * "Charles Wood", in ''The Musical Times'', vol. 67 (1926) no. 1002, pp. 696–697. * Margaret Hayes Nosek: "Wood: A Personal Memoir", in ''The Musical Times'', vol. 107 (1966) no. 1480, pp. 492–493. * Royal School of Church Music (ed.): ''English Church Music'' (Croydon, UK: Royal School of Church Music, 1963). * Nicholas Temperley (ed.): ''The Athlone History of Music in Britain'', vol. 5: ''The Romantic Age, 1800–1914'' (London: The Athlone Press, 1981). * Geoffrey Webber: "An 'English' Passion", in ''The Musical Times'', vol. 133, no. 1790 (April 1992), pp. 202–203.

References

External links

* * *
Opera Glass
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wood, Charles 1866 births 1926 deaths 20th-century classical composers 20th-century male musicians Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge Alumni of Selwyn College, Cambridge Alumni of the Royal College of Music Classical composers of church music Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge Irish classical composers Irish male classical composers Irish organists Male organists Musicians from County Armagh People from Armagh (city) Pupils of Charles Villiers Stanford String quartet composers Professors of Music (Cambridge) 19th-century musicologists