The Cervinae or the Old World deer, are a
subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classifica ...
of
deer
Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the re ...
. Alternatively, they are known as the plesiometacarpal deer, due to their ankle structure being different from the telemetacarpal deer of the
Capreolinae.
Classification and species
The following species are recognised in extant genera:
[Alvarez D. (2007)]
* Tribe
Muntiacini
** Genus ''
Elaphodus''
***
Tufted deer (''E. cephalophus'')
** Genus ''
Muntiacus''
***
Bornean yellow muntjac
The Bornean yellow muntjac (''Muntiacus atherodes'') is a muntjac species endemic to the moist forests of Borneo.
Taxonomy
It lives alongside the common muntjac. It is similar to its much more common cousin and was only recognised as a separat ...
(''M. atherodes'')
***
Hairy-fronted muntjac (''M. crinifrons'')
***
Fea's muntjac
The Fea's muntjac or Tenasserim muntjac (''Muntiacus feae'') is a rare species of muntjac native to southern Myanmar and Thailand. It is a similar size to the common muntjac (adult weight is 18 – 21 kg (40 - 46 lb)).
It is diurnal an ...
(''M. feae'')
***
Gongshan muntjac (''M. gongshanensis'')
***
Indian muntjac (''M. muntjak'')
***
Sumatran muntjac (''M. montanum'')
***
Pu Hoat muntjac (''M. puhoatensis'')
***
Leaf muntjac (''M. putaoensis'')
***
Reeves's muntjac (''M. reevesi'')
***
Roosevelt's muntjac (''M. rooseveltorum'')
***
Truong Son muntjac or Annamite muntjac (''M. truongsonensis'')
***
Giant muntjac (''M. vuquangensis'')
* Tribe
Cervini ("true" deer)
** Genus ''
Dama''
***
Common fallow deer (''D. dama'')
***
Persian fallow deer (''D. mesopotamica'')
** Genus ''
Axis''
***
Chital (''A. axis'')
***
Calamian deer (''A. calamianensis'')
***
Bawean deer (''A. kuhlii'')
***
Indian hog deer (''A. porcinus'')
** Genus ''
Rucervus''
***
Barasingha
The barasingha (''Rucervus duvaucelii''), also known as the swamp deer, is a deer species distributed in the Indian subcontinent. Populations in northern and central India are fragmented, and two isolated populations occur in southwestern Nepal. ...
(''R. duvaucelii'')
***
Eld's deer (''R. eldii'')
*** †
Schomburgk's deer (''R. schomburgki'')
** Genus ''
Elaphurus''
***
Père David's deer
The Père David's deer (''Elaphurus davidianus''), also known as the ''milu'' () or elaphure, is a species of deer native to the subtropical river valleys of China. It grazes mainly on grass and aquatic plants. It is the only extant member of ...
(''E. davidianus'')
** Genus ''
Rusa''
***
Visayan spotted deer
The Visayan spotted deer (''Rusa alfredi''), also known as the Visayan deer, the Philippine spotted deer or Prince Alfred's deer, is a nocturnal and endangered species of deer located primarily in the rainforests of the Visayan islands of Panay ...
or
Prince Alfred's deer (''R. alfredi'')
***
Philippine deer or Philippine sambar (''R. mariannus'')
***
Javan rusa deer (''R. timorensis'')
***
Sambar (''R. unicolor'')
** Genus ''
Cervus''
***
Thorold's deer
Thorold's deer (''Cervus albirostris'')Pitraa, Fickela, Meijaard, Groves (2004). ''Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer.'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33: 880–895. is a threatened species of deer found in grassland, shrubland, an ...
(''C. albirostris'')
***
Elk or American wapiti (''C. canadensis'')
***
Red deer
The red deer (''Cervus elaphus'') is one of the largest deer species. A male red deer is called a stag or hart, and a female is called a hind. The red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Anatolia, Iran, and parts of ...
(''C. elaphus'')
***
Central Asian red deer
The Central Asian red deer (''Cervus hanglu''), also known as the Tarim red deer is a deer species native to Central Asia, where it used to be widely distributed, but is scattered today with small population units in several countries. It has be ...
(''C. hanglu'')
***
Sika deer (''C. nippon'')
Extinct genera
*†''
Amphiprox''
*†''
Candiacervus
''Candiacervus'' is an extinct genus of deer native to Pleistocene Crete. Due to a lack of other herbivores, the genus underwent an adaptive radiation, filling niches occupied by other taxa on the mainland. Due to the small size of Crete, the gen ...
''
*†''
Cervavitus''
*†''
Croizetoceros
''Croizetoceros'' is an extinct genus of deer which lived throughout much of Europe, first appearing during the last stages of the Miocene and living until the Early Pleistocene.
Taxonomy
The type species, ''Croizetoceros ramosus'' was original ...
''
*†''
Dicrocerus
''Dicrocerus elegans'' (Its name is Greek for "fork antler") is an extinct species of deer found in France, Europe (related species in Asia). ''Dicrocerus'' probably came from Asia, from the region where true deer are believed to have originate ...
''
*†''
Eucladoceros''
*†''
Euprox''
*†''
Haploidoceros
''Haploidoceros'' is an extinct genus of deer that lived in Europe during the Pleistocene. It contains a single species, ''Haploidoceros mediterraneus''. Fossils have been found mainly in France, as well as the Iberian peninsula.
Taxonomy
''H ...
''
*†''
Heteroprox
''Heteroprox'' is an extinct genus of deer from the Miocene of Europe.
Description
''Heteroprox'' was a mid-sized deer that would have been similar in appearance to a muntjac
Muntjacs ( ), also known as the barking deer or rib-faced deer, ( ...
''
*†''
Megaceroides''
*†''
Megaloceros''
*†''
Praemegaceros''
*†''
Pseudodama
''Pseudodama'' is an extinct species of deer found in Europe.
References
Cervines
Prehistoric deer
Prehistoric mammals of Europe
Prehistoric even-toed ungulate genera
Miocene even-toed ungulates
{{paleo-eventoedungulate-stub ...
''
*†''
Sinomegaceros''
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q122431
Deer
Taxa named by Georg August Goldfuss
Mammal subfamilies