Lolopo (autonyms: ', '; ; Central Yi) is a
Loloish language
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi in China and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a family of fifty to a hundred Sino-Tibetan languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its rel ...
spoken by half a million
Yi people
The Yi or Nuosu people,; zh, c=彝族, p=Yízú, l=Yi ethnicity historically known as the Lolo,; vi, Lô Lô; th, โล-โล, Lo-Lo are an ethnic group in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. Numbering nine million people, they are the seve ...
of
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...
. Chinese linguists call it "Central Yi" as well, which is one of the six Yi languages recognized by the government of China.
Names
Lolo speakers are referred to by a variety of exonyms. Below is a list of exonyms followed by their respective autonyms and demographics.
[Yang, Cathryn. 2011. ''Assessment of the Lolo languages: Current understanding and recommended next steps''. m.s.]
*
Mili: ' (spoken by about 12,000 people in
Jingdong County
Jingdong Yi Autonomous County () is an autonomous county in the west-central part of Yunnan Province, China. It is the northernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Pu'er.
Administrative divisions
In the present, Jingdong Yi ...
). Also called ''Alie''.
*Enipu 厄尼蒲 (' 'water buffalo people', an offensive exonym used by
Lalo speakers): ' (spoken in
Nanjian County). Spoken by nearly 20,000 people in Weishan County (Qinghua Township) and Nanjian County (in Wuliang, Xiaowandong, and Langcang townships)
*Tu 土 (Tuzu 土族): ' (spoken by nearly 10,000 people in southern
Xiangyun County
Xiangyun County () is a county in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture located in the west-central part of Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and ...
)
*Qiangyi 羌夷: ' (spoken by nearly 15,000 people in northern and central
Xiangyun County
Xiangyun County () is a county in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture located in the west-central part of Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and ...
)
*Eastern Lalu: ' (spoken by nearly 20,000 people in
Xinping County
Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County () is an autonomous county located in the central part of Yunnan Province, China. It is the westernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Yuxi.
Administrative divisions
Xinping Yi and Dai A ...
and
Zhenyuan County)
*Lolo (of northeastern
Binchuan County
Binchuan County () is a county in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture located in the west of Yunnan Province, China.
Mount Jizu
Mount is often used as part of the name of specific mountains, e.g. Mount Everest.
Mount or Mounts may also refer t ...
): '
*Xiangtang 香堂 (spoken in
Zhenkang County). Widespread distribution in Jinggu, Zhenyuan, Pu'er, Jiangcheng, Mengla, Jinghong, and Zhenkang counties, with perhaps under 80,000 speakers.
*Lolo (of
Nanhua County): '
*Lolo (of
Yao'an County
Yao'an County (; Chuxiong Yi script: , IPA: ) is under the administration of the Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture
Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture (; Chuxiong Yi script: ， IPA: ; Yi script: ꊉꇑꆑꌠꑼꂰ; Yi Pinyin: wop lup nut su yuop ...
): '
*Wotizo: ' (Yang 2010:7)
Classification
Yang (2011) proposes this tentative internal classification of Lolo.
*Southern Lolo (?)
**Western Lolo (Southern Lolopo in ''Ethnologue'', )
**Xiangtang
**Jingdong Lolo (Mili)
*Southern Dali Lolo (Enipu)
*Nanhua Lolo
**Eastern Lalu
**Tu
*Binchuan Lolo (?)
*Yao'an Lolo (Qiangyi) (?)
The ''Chuxiong Prefecture Ethnic Gazetteer'' (2013:364) lists the following
cognacy percentages between Lolopo 罗罗濮 and other Yi languages in Chuxiong Prefecture.
*
Ache
Ache or Aches may refer to:
Ethnography
* Aché, an indigenous people of eastern Paraguay
* Aché language, the language of the Aché people
* Ache language (China)
* Aṣẹ (Cuban spelling: ''aché''), a concept in Orisha belief
People
* Ach ...
阿车: 74.86% (211/282)
*
Chesu 车苏: 55% (155/282)
*
Luowu 罗武: 75.89% (214/282)
*
Shansu 山苏: 78.4% (221/282)
*
Lipo
A lithium polymer battery, or more correctly lithium-ion polymer battery (abbreviated as LiPo, LIP, Li-poly, lithium-poly and others), is a rechargeable battery of lithium-ion technology using a polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyt ...
里濮: 93.36% (253/271)
Phonology
Consonants
* before stops and fricatives are heard as syllabic sounds , , and .
* is also heard in free variation as a voiced lateral fricative .
Vowels
* Sounds are pronounced as syllabic consonants when following alveolar sibilants, and as when following in a low tone syllable.
* Sounds are heard as syllabic consonants when following alveolar sibilants.
* Sounds are heard as central sounds when following alveolar consonants.
* is heard as open-mid following alveolar plosives , a palatal fricative , and within palatalized diphthongs .
Tones
References
External links
*
An audio recording of a word list in Lolopo is archived with
Kaipuleohone Kaipuleohone is a digital ethnographic archive that houses audio and visual files, photographs, as well as hundreds of textual material such as notes, dictionaries, and transcriptions relating to small and endangered languages. The archive is stored ...
{{Lolo-Burmese languages
Loloish languages