Central Amazon Corridor
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The Central Amazon Ecological Corridor ( pt, Corredor Ecológico Central da Amazônia) is an ecological corridor in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, that connects a number of conservation units in the
Amazon rainforest The Amazon rainforest, Amazon jungle or ; es, Selva amazónica, , or usually ; french: Forêt amazonienne; nl, Amazoneregenwoud. In English, the names are sometimes capitalized further, as Amazon Rainforest, Amazon Forest, or Amazon Jungle. ...
. The objective is to maintain genetic connectivity between the protected areas without penalizing the local people, where possible using participatory planning that involves all affected actors.


Location

The Central Amazon Ecological Corridor connects a number of conservation units in the central Amazon region with a combined area of . The corridor covers parts of the Solimões and
Negro In the English language, ''negro'' is a term historically used to denote persons considered to be of Black African heritage. The word ''negro'' means the color black in both Spanish and in Portuguese, where English took it from. The term can be ...
river basins, mostly in the state of Amazonas but with a small portion in the state of
Pará Pará is a Federative units of Brazil, state of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins (state), Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas (Brazilian state) ...
. The main urban centers in the corridor are the cities of
Manaus Manaus () is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Amazonas. It is the seventh-largest city in Brazil, with an estimated 2020 population of 2,219,580 distributed over a land area of about . Located at the east center of the s ...
,
Manacapuru Manacapuru (''Munychapur'') is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Population The population of Manacapuru was 98,502 (2020) and its area is 7,329 km². The city is one of the biggest in the state. It is located about ...
and
Tefé Tefé, known in early accounts as Teffé, is a municipality in the state of Amazonas, northern Brazil. Location Tefé is located about 525 km by air or 595 km by river to the west of Manaus on the south bank of the Rio Solimões (th ...
. If indigenous territories are included, over 70% of the corridor was contained in protected areas in 2005. The corridor is of great ecological importance. It includes parts of several major rivers with different aquatic environments such as the
Jutaí Jutaí is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population is 13,886 (2020) and its area is 69,552 km², making it the fifth largest municipality in Amazonas by area and the ninth largest in Brazil. Geography The mu ...
,
Japurá Japurá is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population was 2,251 (2020) and its area is 55,791 km² (21541 Mi2). It forms the Japurá microregion together with the municipality Maraã (to the east of the Japur ...
, Juruá, Solimões,
Tefé Tefé, known in early accounts as Teffé, is a municipality in the state of Amazonas, northern Brazil. Location Tefé is located about 525 km by air or 595 km by river to the west of Manaus on the south bank of the Rio Solimões (th ...
and Rio Negro, and many smaller rivers, streams, bayous, and várzea and terra firma lakes. It covers formations from the
Tertiary Tertiary ( ) is a widely used but obsolete term for the geologic period from 66 million to 2.6 million years ago. The period began with the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start ...
period with terra firma and black water and
Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological Epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fina ...
and
Holocene The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene togethe ...
floodplains formed by the deposit of white water sediments. Unlike other ecological corridors in Brazil there is very high connectivity between the conservation units, so genetic transfer has not been strangled by human disturbance in the unprotected areas.


History

Implementation of protected reserves and parks has not guaranteed sustainability of natural systems due in part to lack of supporting infrastructure and staff, to the isolation of the protected units as islands, and to lack of involvement of actors within and around the protected unit. In an attempt to address this, ecological corridors are assembled from protected areas, indigenous lands and areas with different types of land use, forming a connected whole. The management approach is participatory, involving government and non-government actors. The Central Amazon Corridor and the
Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor The Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor ( pt, Corredor Central da Mata Atlântica is an ecological corridor in the states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil. It promotes improvements to connectivity between fragments of Atlantic Forest ...
were prioritized to test and address different conditions in the two main forest biomes in Brazil. Lessons learned would be applied in creation of other corridors. The agreement to implement the Central Amazon Ecological Corridor was signed on 28 December 2001, and came into effect on 15 March 2002 when the required conditions had been met. The overall goal of the corridor was to retain the integrity of the large area covered by the corridor as far as possible without penalizing the local people. If protected area mosaics are shown to be compatible with the basic corridor design, a participatory process for internal zoning of the corridor may be established within the existing legislation. The secondary objectives of the corridor therefore aim at integrated management and participation by different social sectors in addition to those always considered in ecological corridors projects. An agreement to cooperate on restoration and environmental recovery was signed on 24 August 2010 between the Ministry of the Environment and the University of Amazonas Foundation. The purpose was to define methods of ensuring support for restoring degraded areas in the ecological corridors, enabling and involving the actors in the native species forestry production chain, and protecting the biodiversity of the corridor through participatory management and social mobilization in the areas between conservation units, and through studies and surveys.


Actors

Implementation of the corridor involves actors from all levels of government and from civil society.


National level

At the national level the actors include: * Ministry of the Environment (Department of the Amazon Legal) *
Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources ( pt, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis, IBAMA) is the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment's administrative arm. IBAMA supports anti- ...
(IBAMA) *
Fundação Nacional do Índio Fundação Nacional do Índio (, ''National Indian Foundation'') or FUNAI is a Brazilian governmental protection agency for Amerindian interests and their culture. Original founding as Indian Protection Service In 1910, the Indian Protecti ...
(FUNAI – National Indian Foundation) *
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa - pt, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária) is a state-owned research corporation affiliated with the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture. Since its inception on April 26, 1973, it ha ...
(EMBRAPA) *
National Institute of Amazonian Research The National Institute of Amazonian Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia or INPA) is a public educational and research institution headquartered in Manaus, Brazil. It was founded in 1952, with the purpose of furthering scientific ...
(INPA) *
National Institute for Space Research The National Institute for Space Research ( pt, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, INPE) is a research unit of the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations, the main goals of which are fostering scientific research an ...
(INPE) *
Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária The Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária - INCRA (''National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform'') is a federal government authority of the public administration of Brazil. INCRA administers the land reform issues. ...
(INCRA – National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform) * Federal universities of the region *
Superintendência do Desenvolvimento da Amazônia Superintendência do Desenvolvimento da Amazônia (SUDAM; English: Superintendency of Development for the Amazon) is a local authority of the federal government of Brazil aiming to promote the development of the Amazon region by creating special fi ...
(SUDAM – Superintendency of Development for the Amazon) *
Eletronorte Eletrobras (, full name: Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A.) is a major Brazilian electric utilities company. The company's headquarters are located in Rio de Janeiro. It is Latin America's biggest power utility company, tenth largest in the wo ...
*
National Council for Scientific and Technological Development The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, pt, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, earlier ) is an organization of the Brazilian federal government under the Ministry of Scienc ...
(CNPq) *
Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi The Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) is a Brazilian research institution and museum located in the city of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. It was founded in 1866 by Domingos Soares Ferreira Penna as the Pará Museum of Natural History and Ethn ...
(Goeldi Museum) * The media and environmental NGOs


Regional level

At a regional level actors include: * IBAMA Superintendence of the State of Amazonas * Instituto de Proteção Ambiental do Amazonas (IPAAM – State of Amazonas Institute of Environmental Protection) * Local private sector, mainly linked to Ecotourism * Empresa Amazonense de Turismo (EMANTUR) * Agrarian Development Institute of the State of Amazonas (IDAM) * Landowners * Instituto de Terras do Amazonas (ITERAM) * Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus (SUFRAMA) * University of Amazonas Foundation (FUA) and local media and local NGOs. * Regional media and NGOs.


Local level

Local actors include local civil society associations such as fishing communities, loggers' associations and other groups dedicated to the
exploitation of natural resources The exploitation of natural resources is the use of natural resources for economic growth, sometimes with a negative connotation of accompanying environmental degradation. It started to emerge on an industrial scale in the 19th century as the ex ...
, as well as: * The Church * Municipal authorities, * Units of the National Health Foundation (FNS / Sucam) * Decentralized units of Amazonas state government and its departments * Rural workers' union * IBAMA posts (POCOFs) * Local media and lNGOs


Conservation Units

The Central Amazon Ecological Corridor connects the following conservation units:


Notes


Sources

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Central Amazon Ecological Corridor Ecological corridors of Brazil Protected areas of Amazonas (Brazilian state) 2002 establishments in Brazil