Cauldrons

A cauldron (or caldron) is a large pot (kettle) for cooking or boiling over an open fire, with a lid and frequently with an arc-shaped hanger and/or integral handles or feet. There is a rich history of cauldron lore in religion, mythology, and folklore.

Etymology

The word cauldron is first recorded in Middle English as ''caudroun'' (13th century). It was borrowed from Norman ''caudron''T. F. Hoad, ''English Etymology'', Oxford University Press, 1993 (). p. 67. ( Picard ''caudron'', french: chaudron). It represents the phonetical evolution of Vulgar Latin ''*caldario'' for Classical Latin ''caldārium'' "hot bath", that derives from ''cal(i)dus'' "hot".

The Norman-French word replaces the Old English ''ċetel'' (German ''(Koch)Kessel'' "cauldron", Dutch ''(kook)ketel'' "cauldron"), Middle English ''chetel''. The word "kettle" is a borrowing of the Old Norse variant ''ketill'' "cauldron".

History

Cauldrons can be found from the late Bronze Age period - vast cauldrons with a capacity of 60-70 litres.

Symbolism and mythology

Cauldrons have largely fallen out of use in the developed world as cooking vessels. While still used for practical purposes, a more common association in Western culture is the cauldron's use in witchcraft—a ''cliché'' popularized by various works of fiction, such as William Shakespeare's play ''Macbeth''. In fiction, witches often prepare their potions in a cauldron. Also, in Irish folklore, a cauldron is purported to be where leprechauns keep their gold and treasure.

In some forms of Wicca, appropriating aspects of Celtic mythology, the cauldron is associated with the goddess Cerridwen. Welsh legend also tells of cauldrons that were useful to warring armies. In the second branch of the Mabinogi in the tale of ''Branwen, Daughter of Llŷr'', the Pair Dadeni (Cauldron of Rebirth) is a magical cauldron in which dead warriors could be placed and then be returned to life, save that they lacked the power of speech. It was suspected that they lacked souls. These warriors could go back into battle until they were killed again. In Wicca and some other forms of neopagan or pagan belief systems, the cauldron is still used in magical practices. Most often a cauldron is made of cast iron and is used to burn loose incense on a charcoal disc, to make black salt (used in banishing rituals), for mixing herbs, or to burn petitions (paper with words of power or wishes written on them). Cauldrons symbolize not only the Goddess but also represent the womb (because it holds something) and on an altar, it represents earth because it is a working tool. Cauldrons are often sold in New Age or "metaphysical" stores and may have various symbols of power inscribed on them.

The Holy Grail of Arthurian legend is sometimes referred to as a "cauldron", although traditionally the grail is thought of as a hand-held cup rather than the large pot that the word "cauldron" usually is used to mean. This may have resulted from the combination of the grail legend with earlier Celtic myths of magical cauldrons.

The common translation for ding is often referred to as a cauldron. In Chinese history and culture, possession of one or more ancient dings is often associated with power and dominion over the land. Therefore, the ding is often used as an implicit symbolism for power. The term "inquiring of the ding" (Chinese: 问鼎; pinyin: wèn dǐng) is often used to symbolize the use of divination or for the quest for power. One example of the ding cauldron and gaining power over the traditional provinces of China is the Nine Tripod Cauldrons (whether regarded as myth or history).

Archeologically intact actual cauldrons with apparent cultural symbolism include:
* the Gundestrup cauldron, made in the 2nd or 1st century BC, found at Gundestrup, Denmark
* a Bronze Age cauldron found at Hassle, Sweden
* the cauldron where the Olympic Flame burns for the duration of the Olympic Games

Cauldrons known only through myth and literature include:
* Dagda's Cauldron
* The Cauldron of Dyrnwch the Giant
* Pair Dadeni
* Cauldron of Hymir

Gallery

File:Sot (Korean cauldron).jpg, '' Sot'', a Korean cauldron used to cook rice
File:A Witches'-Caldron Table.jpg, A Witches'-caldron table
File:Lotsane Matric preps.jpg, Three-legged iron pots being used to cater for a school-leavers' party in Botswana. Everyday cooking is done in the school kitchens.

File:Bosch, Hieronymus - The Garden of Earthly Delights, right panel - Detail Bird-headed monster or The Prince of Hell - close-up head (lower right).jpg, '' The Garden of Earthly Delights'', bird-headed monster or the "Prince of Hell" (close-up head), a name derived from the cauldron he wears on his head.
File:Padasjoki.vaakuna.svg, A cauldron pictured in the coat of arms of Padasjoki
File:Mušov Cauldron.jpg, Mušov cauldron. A Roman bronze cauldron found in 1988 in a Germanic chieftains grave in Mušov, Czech Republic dating to 2nd century AD.
File:Washing Day I.png, African American woman and child outdoors, standing by boiling cauldron of water, c. 1901.
File:Deventer ketel.jpg, Execution cauldron at Deventer (Netherlands)

See also

* Chaldron, an obsolete spelling of 'cauldron', an English measure of dry volume.
* Alfet
* Fire pot
* Eldhrímnir
* Gulyásleves
* Hassle
* Kama
* List of cooking vessels
* Olympic flame
* Potjiekos
* Sacrificial tripod

References

{{reflist

Cooking vessels
Danish inventions
Magic items
Wiccan terminology
European witchcraft