Caucasus Governorate (russian: link=no, Кавказская губерния, ''Kavkazskaya guberniya'') was an administrative division (a ''
guberniya'') of the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
, which existed from 1802 until 1822. Its seat was located in
Georgiyevsk
Georgiyevsk (russian: Гео́ргиевск) ( os, Гуым) is a historical town in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located in the North Caucasus on submontane tableland on the right bank of the Podkumok River (a tributary of the Kuma River), southe ...
. The governorate was located in the south of the European part of the Russian Empire. In 1822, the governorate was abolished and transformed into
Caucasus Oblast, with the administrative center in
Stavropol
Stavropol (; rus, Ставрополь, p=ˈstavrəpəlʲ) is a city and the administrative centre of Stavropol Krai, Russia. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 547,820, making it one of Russia's fastest growing cities.
It was known as ...
.
In terms of modern administrative divisions of Russia, the area of Caucasus Governorate is currently split between
Stavropol
Stavropol (; rus, Ставрополь, p=ˈstavrəpəlʲ) is a city and the administrative centre of Stavropol Krai, Russia. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 547,820, making it one of Russia's fastest growing cities.
It was known as ...
and
Krasnodar Krai
Krasnodar Krai (russian: Краснода́рский край, r=Krasnodarsky kray, p=krəsnɐˈdarskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and administratively a part of ...
s,
Rostov Oblast, and the Republics of
Kabardino-Balkaria
The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика, ''Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika''; kbd, Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ, ''Ķêbêrdej-Baĺķêr Respublik ...
,
North Ossetia–Alania,
Ingushetia,
Chechnya,
Dagestan, and
Kalmykia, with the major part of it being located in Stavropol Krai.
History
Russian colonization of the Northern Caucasus started in the 1770s. In 1785,
Caucasus Viceroyalty was established. It consisted of
Caucasus Oblast with the seat in
Yekaterinograd and
Astrakhan Oblast with the seat in
Astrakhan
Astrakhan ( rus, Астрахань, p=ˈastrəxənʲ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in Southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of the ...
. In 1790, Caucasus Oblast was abolished and merged into
Astrakhan Governorate. On November 15, 1802 Caucasus Governorate with the administrative center in
Georgiyevsk
Georgiyevsk (russian: Гео́ргиевск) ( os, Гуым) is a historical town in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located in the North Caucasus on submontane tableland on the right bank of the Podkumok River (a tributary of the Kuma River), southe ...
was created. On July 24, 1822 the governorate was transformed into
Caucasus Oblast, with the same borders, and its seat was moved to the city of Stavropol.
The governorate consisted of five ''
uyezd
An uezd (also spelled uyezd; rus, уе́зд, p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context ( uk, повіт), or Kreis in Baltic-German context, was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, and the ea ...
s'' (the administrative centers, which all had the town status, are given in parentheses),
*
Alexandrovsky Uyezd
Alexandrovsky Uyezd (russian: Александровский уезд) was an administrative division (an uyezd) of Arkhangelsk Governorate of the Russian Empire and later of the Russian SFSR.
The origins of Alexandrovsky Uyezd trace back to Kols ...
(
Alexandrovsk);
*
Georgiyevsky Uyezd (
Georgiyevsk
Georgiyevsk (russian: Гео́ргиевск) ( os, Гуым) is a historical town in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located in the North Caucasus on submontane tableland on the right bank of the Podkumok River (a tributary of the Kuma River), southe ...
);
*
Kizlyarsky Uyezd (
Kizlyar
Kizlyar (russian: Кизля́р; av, Гъизляр; kum, Къызлар, ''Qızlar'') is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located on the border with the Chechen Republic in the river delta ...
);
*
Mozdoksky Uyezd (
Mozdok
Mozdok (russian: Моздо́к; os, Мæздæг, ''Mæzdæg''; Kabardian: Мэздэгу) is a town and the administrative center of Mozdoksky District of North Ossetia – Alania, Russia, located on the left shore of the Terek River, n ...
);
*
Stavropolsky Uyezd (
Stavropol
Stavropol (; rus, Ставрополь, p=ˈstavrəpəlʲ) is a city and the administrative centre of Stavropol Krai, Russia. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 547,820, making it one of Russia's fastest growing cities.
It was known as ...
).
In 1822, when the governorate was abolished, Alexandrovsky Uyezd was also abolished and split between Stavropolsky and Georgiyevsky Uyezds.
Governors
The administration of the governorate was performed by a governor. The governors of Caucasus Governorate were
* 1802–1804 Ivan Petrovich Kasparov, governor;
* 1804-1805 Khristian Petrovich Gildenshold (Christian Gildenschold), governor;
* 1805-1809 Nikolay Mikhaylovich Kartvelin, governor;
* 1809-1811 Mark Leontyevich Malinsky, governor;
* 1811-1813 Yakov Maximovich von Briskorn, governor;
* 1813-1820 Mark Leontyevich Malinsky, governor.
Between 1820 and 1822 the governor position was vacant.
References
{{Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
Governorates of the Russian Empire
States and territories established in 1802
States and territories disestablished in 1822
1802 establishments in the Russian Empire