Law enforcement Law enforcement is the activity of some members of government who act in an organized manner to enforce the law by discovering, deterring, rehabilitating, or punishing people who violate the rules Rule or ruling may refer to: Education ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

is mainly performed by the Indonesian National Police (POLRI), together with other

law enforcement agencies A law enforcement agency (LEA) is any government agency responsible for the enforcement of the laws. Jurisdiction LEAs which have their ability to apply their powers restricted in some way are said to operate within a jurisdiction. LEA ...

which are under the

president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

, a certain ministry or State-owned company (BUMN) which perform policing duties for a certain

public service A public service is any service intended to address specific needs pertaining to the aggregate members of a community. Public services are available to people within a government jurisdiction as provided directly through public sector agencies ...

, these law enforcement agencies are under supervision and are trained by the Indonesian National Police. The Indonesian National Police is basically the

national National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, c ...

civilian police force of the country responsible for enforcing law and order of the state.

Police forces

Indonesian National Police

The Indonesian National Police (POLRI) is the main agency responsible for maintaining security and public order, law enforcement, and provide protection and service to the

community A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with commonality such as place, norms, religion, values, customs, or identity. Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, ...

. The force is a centralised organisation with responsibilities ranging from

traffic control Traffic management is a key branch within logistics. It concerns the planning control and purchasing of transport services needed to physically move vehicles (for example aircraft, road vehicles, rolling stock and watercraft) and freight. Traffi ...

criminal investigation Criminal investigation is an applied science that involves the study of facts that are then used to inform criminal trials. A complete criminal investigation can include searching, interviews, interrogations, evidence collection and preservat ...

, intelligence gathering and

counter-terrorism Counterterrorism (also spelled counter-terrorism), also known as anti-terrorism, incorporates the practices, military tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, law enforcement, business, and intelligence agencies use to combat or ...

duties. The Indonesian National Police is the national policing force of Indonesia with its headquarters located in Jakarta. It is under the auspices of the

President of Indonesia The President of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Presiden Republik Indonesia) is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president leads the executive branch of the Indonesian government and i ...

. The highest command of the national police in Indonesia is executed in Jakarta, at the Indonesian National Police Headquarters (Mabes Polri) located at Trunojoyo Street,

Kebayoran Baru Kebayoran Baru is a district ( id, kecamatan) of South Jakarta, Indonesia. The name of the district was derived from an area which was developed in the post-war period as a new suburb town of Jakarta, Kebayoran Baru. Kebayoran Baru was the last re ...

South Jakarta South Jakarta ( id, Jakarta Selatan; bew, Jakarte Beludik ), colloquially known as ''Jaksel'', is one of the five administrative cities which form the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia. South Jakarta is not self-governed and does not ...

. The National Police HQ oversees every

provincial police In Italy, the ''polizia provinciale'' (Italian for 'provincial police') are the provincial-level police forces. Functions Each Italian province can, by statute, have its own police force. ''Polizia provinciale'' are small police organisati ...

of the country, each

Province of Indonesia A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman '' provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions out ...

has its own Police Headquarters known as "POLDA" an abbreviation of ''Kepolisian Daerah'' (Regional Police) in Indonesian, it oversees several city or regional police departments which are responsible for a

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

or regency (''Kabupaten'') in the province, it is known as "POLRES" (''Kepolisian Resort''), a "Polres" then oversees several police stations responsible for a sub-district (''kecamatan'') known as "POLSEK" (''Kepolisian Sektor'').

Special units of the Indonesian National Police

Detachment 88 Counterterrorism Special Detachment 88 ( id, Detasemen Khusus 88 Antiteror), or Densus 88, is a tier one Indonesian National Police counter-terrorism squad formed on 30 June 2003, after the 2002 Bali bombings. It is funded, equipped, and trained b ...

(Densus 88) The Detachment 88 or known locally as "Densus 88" is the special

unit of the Indonesian National Police. *

Mobile Brigade Corps The Mobile Brigade Corps ( id, Korps Brigade Mobil) abbreviated Brimob is the special operations, paramilitary, and tactical unit of the Indonesian National Police (Polri). It is one of the oldest existing units within Polri. Some of its main ...

(Brimob) The Mobile Brigade Corps or known locally as "Brimob" is the paramilitary force of the Indonesian National Police tasked to conduct high-risk law enforcement such as

counterinsurgency Counterinsurgency (COIN) is "the totality of actions aimed at defeating irregular forces". The Oxford English Dictionary defines counterinsurgency as any "military or political action taken against the activities of guerrillas or revolutionari ...

riot control Riot control measures are used by law enforcement, military, paramilitary or security forces to control, disperse, and arrest people who are involved in a riot, unlawful demonstration or unlawful protest. If a riot is spontaneous and irratio ...

, and

hostage rescue A hostage is a person seized by an abductor in order to compel another party, one which places a high value on the liberty, well-being and safety of the person seized, such as a relative, employer, law enforcement or government to act, or refr ...

. It is the PTU and SWAT unit of Polri. Their uniform is the same like other police units, but wear a dark blue beret as their headgear, during

urban Urban means "related to a city". In that sense, the term may refer to: * Urban area, geographical area distinct from rural areas * Urban culture, the culture of towns and cities Urban may also refer to: General * Urban (name), a list of people ...

-operational duties, they wear black uniforms and during

jungle A jungle is land covered with dense forest and tangled vegetation, usually in tropical climates. Application of the term has varied greatly during the past recent century. Etymology The word ''jungle'' originates from the Sanskrit word ''ja� ...

-operational duties, they wear green. Each provincial police headquarters (Polda) in Indonesia has a Brimob unit.

Maritime law enforcement agencies

Maritime Security Agency

The Maritime Security Agency () is a maritime patrol of the Republic of Indonesia. Bakamla is a non-ministerial government institution which reports directly to the

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

through the Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs. Bakamla's duty is to conduct security and safety patrols in the territorial waters of Indonesia and the jurisdiction of Indonesia.

Sea and Coast Guard

The Sea and Coast Guard () is an agency of the Government of Indonesia which has the main function to ensure the safety of

shipping Freight transport, also referred as ''Freight Forwarding'', is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been ...

activity inside the Indonesian Maritime Zone. The "KPLP" has the task to formulate and execute policies, standards, norms, guidelines, criteria and procedures, as well as technical guidance, evaluation and reporting concerning maritime patrol and security, which is conducted in coordination with other maritime law enforcement agencies of the country such as BAKAMLA, Indonesian National Police Water Unit, and also in certain cases with the

Indonesian Navy The Indonesian Navy ( id, Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut, , Indonesian National Military-Naval Force, TNI-AL) is the naval branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. It was founded on 10 September 1945 and has a role to patrol ...

. KPLP is under the auspices of the Directorate General of Sea Transportation of the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation.

National Police Water Unit

The Indonesian National Police has a

water Water (chemical formula ) is an Inorganic compound, inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and Color of water, nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living ...

unit ( abbreviated "Polair") responsible to conduct law enforcement and enforce security and order of the coast and state waters.

Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance

The Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance () is a government agency under the management of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia. Formally established on 23 November 2000 according to Presidential Decree No. 165/2000, the PSDKP is the agency responsible for supervising the marine and fishery resources of the Republic of Indonesia.

Criticism

There has been many criticism by political observers in Indonesia concerning the presence of multiple maritime law enforcement agencies in Indonesia which tend to overlap authority between one another in the maritime zone of the country. As of 2015, maritime law enforcement in Indonesia is conducted by 12 different agencies from different ministries of the government. The

Navy A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It in ...

is also authorized to conduct maritime law enforcement in certain cases as it is stated in the

constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these princ ...

of the country. There has been plans to amalgamate these different maritime law enforcement agencies to become a singular national "Indonesian Coast Guard" such as the Coast Guard of the United States of America and Coast Guard of India since 2011. In February 2020, President Joko Widodo announced that he intended to have Maritime Security Agency as Indonesian

coast guard A coast guard or coastguard is a maritime security organization of a particular country. The term embraces wide range of responsibilities in different countries, from being a heavily armed military force with customs and security duties to ...

. However, as of 2021, new maritime security law to fix overlapping authority in maritime law enforcement is still being drafted. On March 2022, the government issue regulation on Governance of Maritime Security, Safety and Law Enforcement at Indonesia’s Territorial Water and Jurisdiction and designate Maritime Security Agency as coordinating body for all maritime law enforcement agencies.

Other law enforcement agencies

Other types of government agencies which is involved in law enforcement of the state: # Public Prosecution Service #

Corruption Eradication Commission Corruption Eradication Commission ( id, Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi), abbreviated as KPK, is an Indonesian government agency established to prevent and fight corruption in the country. Firli Bahuri, an active police general, is the current ch ...

(KPK) # National Narcotics Board (BNN), specialized agency for prevention and investigation of illicit drugs abuse. #

National Agency for Combating Terrorism The National Counter Terrorism Agency ( id, Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme abbreviated as BNPT) is an Indonesian non-ministerial government department that works to prevent terrorism. BNPT is headed by a chief, who is responsible to t ...

(BNPT) # Directorate General of Customs and Excise # Tax Office, enforce law in taxation. #

Directorate General of Immigration The Directorate General of Immigration ( id, Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi abbreviated ) is an Indonesian government agency under Ministry of Law and Human Rights (Indonesia) that serves the community in the field of immigration. History Tas ...

, enforce law concerning immigration. # Financial Services Authority # Nuclear Regulatory Agency, enforce law in nuclear energy. # National Agency of Drug and Food Control, oversee foods, drugs, and cosmetics in Indonesia. # Directorate General of Post and Informatics Devices Resource of the Ministry of Communication and Informatics, enforce law in information technology and radiowaves. #

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia, ) is an Indonesian ministry responsible for providing assistance to the President and Vice President i ...

Ministry of Industry A Ministry of Trade and Industry, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry or variations is a ministry that is concerned with a nation's trade, industry and commerce. Notable examples are: List *Algeria: Ministry of Industry and ...

# Ministry of Trade # Ministry of Health #

Ministry of Transportation A ministry of transport or transportation is a ministry responsible for transportation within a country. It usually is administered by the ''minister for transport''. The term is also sometimes applied to the departments or other government ag ...

, oversee and enforce law in the realm of transportation (land, sea and air). The Traffic Wardens (''Dishub'') in Indonesia are under the command of the Ministry of Transportation which are responsible to conduct law enforcement towards yellow-plate vehicles (public transportation vehicles and other over-sized vehicles) and also take action towards parking violators. They also assist the Traffic police in directing traffic. They wear light-blue for their shirt and dark blue for their pants as their uniform. # Personal Data Protection Authority Institute, enforce law in personal data protection.

References

{{Asia topic, Law enforcement in