The Castilleae are a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

within the plant family

Moraceae The Moraceae — often called the mulberry family or fig family — are a family of flowering plants comprising about 38 genera and over 1100 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however ...

. It includes eight to 11

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

and 55–60 species including '' Castilla'', the Panama rubber tree. Members of the tribe are primarily

Neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

with two

Afrotropical The Afrotropical realm is one of Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the majority of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the island ...

genera, one genus in

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of ...

, and one in

New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of New Caledonia , map_caption = Location of New Caledonia , mapsize = 290px , subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...

. The tribe's distinctive inflorescence is unisexual in

monoecious Monoecy (; adj. monoecious ) is a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant. It is a monomorphic sexual system alongside gynomonoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy. Monoecy is conne ...

species, with discoid to

urceolate This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary o ...

receptacles with involucrate bracts. Other characteristics of the group include septate wood fibers and self-pruning branches.

Castilleae and ''Ficus''

Recent phylogenetic studies have highlighted a close sister relationship with the ''

Ficus ''Ficus'' ( or ) is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending in ...

'' and have strongly supported the monophyly of the clade containing the Castilleae and ''Ficus''. The ancestral state of this clade and the origin of figs' distinctive inflorescence—the

syconium Syconium (plural ''syconia'') is the type of inflorescence borne by figs (genus ''Ficus''), formed by an enlarged, fleshy, hollow receptacle with multiple ovaries on the inside surface. In essence, it is really a fleshy stem with a number of flow ...

—was disputed until recently, but new phylogenetic analyses suggest that the evolution of

entomophily Entomophily or insect pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen of plants, especially but not only of flowering plants, is distributed by insects. Flowers pollinated by insects typically advertise themselves with bright colours, some ...

and of an involucre of bracts surrounding the flower primordia preceded the divergence of these two groups, estimated to have occurred at least 83 Mya.

Genera

*''

Antiaris ''Antiaris toxicaria'' is a tree in the mulberry and fig family, Moraceae. It is the only species currently recognized in the genus ''Antiaris''. The genus ''Antiaris'' was at one time considered to consist of several species, but is now regarde ...

'' *'' Antiaropsis'' *'' Castilla'' *'' Helicostylis'' *''

Maquira ''Maquira'' is a genus of trees in the family Moraceae, native to South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern He ...

'' *'' Mesogyne'' *''

Naucleopsis ''Naucleopsis'' is a plant genus in family Moraceae The Moraceae — often called the mulberry family or fig family — are a family of flowering plants comprising about 38 genera and over 1100 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subt ...

'' *''

Perebea ''Perebea'' is a genus of plant in family Moraceae. Selected species * '' P. angustifolia'' (Poepp. & Endl.) C.C.Berg * '' P. glabrifolia'' (Ducke) C.C.Berg. * '' P. guianensis'' Aubl. ( type) * '' P. hispidula'' Standl. * '' ...

'' *'' Poulsenia'' *''

Pseudolmedia ''Pseudolmedia'' is a flowering plant genus in the mulberry family (biology), family (Moraceae). Species are found in southern Mexico, the Caribbean, and Mesoamerica, Meso- and South America. They are known in Latin America as ''lechechiva'' (app ...

'' *'' Sparattosyce''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q4894635 Moraceae Rosales tribes