History
The town's castle was home to a cadet branch of the House of Gonzaga, headed by the Marquis of Castiglione. Saint Aloysius Gonzaga (1568–1591) was born there as heir to the marquisate, but became a Jesuit. He died tending plague victims in Rome and was buried there, but his head was later translated to the basilica in Castiglione which bears his name. During the War of the Spanish Succession, the French under the Louis Joseph de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme, duc de Vendôme occupied the town. In 1706, in the Battle of Castiglione (1706), first Battle of Castiglione a French army under Jacques Eléonor Rouxel de Grancey defeated here a Hessian army led by Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. During the Siege of Mantua (1796–97), siege of Mantua in 1796, the Austrians under Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser were defeated here in the Battle of Castiglione, second Battle of Castiglione by the revolutionary French army under Pierre Augereau, General Augereau, later Marshal of France, who in 1808 was created Duke of Castiglione by Emperor Napoleon I of France, Napoleon I, a hereditary victory title (so there never was an actual territorial duchy attached to it) extinguished in 1915. Castiglione received the honorary title of city by presidential decree on 18 October 2001.Main sights
It has an old castle, much altered and restored, especially by the House of Gonzaga, Gonzaga family of Mantua in the 16th century. The Fountain of Domenica Calubina is a small hexagonal fountain in the piazza Dallò in the center of the town. Castiglione is the birthplace of the International Red Cross, which was established by Henri Dunant during the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino in 1859. There is a museum in the center of the town dedicated to the IRC.International relations
Castiglione delle Stiviere is Twin towns and sister cities, twinned with: * Barentin, France * Leutkirch im Allgäu, Germany, since 1995 * Monteprandone, ItalyReferences
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