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The Castellieri culture developed in 
The ethnicity of the Castellieri civilization is uncertain, although it was most likely of Pre-Indo-European stock,{{cn, date=July 2018 coming from the sea. The first ''castellieri'' were indeed built along the Istrian coasts and present the same Megalithic appearance characterizing in the
The Castellieri culture developed in Istria
Istria ( ; Croatian and Slovene: ; ist, Eîstria; Istro-Romanian, Italian and Venetian: ; formerly in Latin and in Ancient Greek) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic betwe ...
during the Mid-Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second pri ...
, and later expanded into Friuli
Friuli ( fur, Friûl, sl, Furlanija, german: Friaul) is an area of Northeast Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity containing 1,000,000 Friulians. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli Venezia Giuli ...
, Dalmatia
Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of the Adriatic Sea, str ...
and the neighbouring areas. It lasted for more than a millennium, from the 15th century BC until the Roman conquest in the 3rd century BC. It takes its name from the fortified boroughs, ''Castellieri'', which characterized the culture.
The ethnicity of the Castellieri civilization is uncertain, although it was most likely of Pre-Indo-European stock,{{cn, date=July 2018 coming from the sea. The first ''castellieri'' were indeed built along the Istrian coasts and present the same Megalithic appearance characterizing in the Mycenaean civilization
Mycenaean Greece (or the Mycenaean civilization) was the last phase of the Bronze Age in Ancient Greece, spanning the period from approximately 1750 to 1050 BC.. It represents the first advanced and distinctively Greek civilization in mainland ...
at the time.
The ''Castellieri'' were fortified boroughs, usually located on hills or mountains or, more rarely (such as in Friuli), in plains. They were constituted by one or more concentric series of walls, of rounded or elliptical shape in Istria and Venezia Giulia, or quadrangular in Friuli, within which was the inhabited area.
Some hundred ''castellieri'' have been discovered in Istria, Friuli and Venezia Giulia, such as that of Leme, in the central-western Istria, of Elerji
Elerji (; previously ''Jelarji'', it, Elleri) is a small settlement in the City Municipality of Koper in the Littoral region of Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a co ...
, near Muggia, of Monte Giove near Prosecco (Trieste
Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into pr ...
) and San Polo, not far from Monfalcone
Monfalcone (; Bisiacco: ; fur, Monfalcon; sl, Tržič; archaic german: Falkenberg) is a town and ''comune'' of the province of Gorizia in Friuli Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, located on the Gulf of Trieste. Monfalcone means 'falcon mountain ...
. However, the largest ''castelliere'' was perhaps that of ''Nesactium
Nesactium ( Istrian dialect: ''Vizače'', hr, Nezakcij, it, Nesazio) was an ancient fortified town and hill fort of the Histri tribe. Its ruins are located in southern Istria, Croatia, between the villages of Muntić and Valtura.
History
...
'', in the southern Istria, not far from Pula
Pula (; also known as Pola, it, Pola , hu, Pòla, Venetian; ''Pola''; Istriot: ''Puola'', Slovene: ''Pulj'') is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, and the seventh-largest city in the country, situated at the southern tip of the I ...
.
See also
* Monkodonja *Histri The Histri were an ancient people inhabiting the Istrian peninsula, to which they gave the name. Their territory stretched to the neighbouring Gulf of Trieste and bordered the Iapydes in the hinterland of Tarsatica. The Histri formed a kingdom.
...
*Carni
The Carni ( Greek: Καρνίοι) were a tribe of the Eastern Alps in classical antiquity of Celtic language and culture, settling in the mountains separating Noricum and Venetia (roughly corresponding to the more modern Slovenia and Carinthia) ...
*Liburnians
The Liburnians or Liburni ( grc, Λιβυρνοὶ) were an ancient tribe inhabiting the district called Liburnia, a coastal region of the northeastern Adriatic between the rivers ''Arsia'' ( Raša) and ''Titius'' ( Krka) in what is now Croati ...
*Adriatic Veneti
The Veneti (also Heneti) were an Indo-European people who inhabited northeastern Italy, in an area corresponding to the modern-day region of Veneto.Iapydes
The Iapydes (or Iapodes, Japodes; el, Ἰάποδες) were an ancient people who dwelt north of and inland from the Liburnians, off the Adriatic coast and eastwards of the Istrian peninsula. They occupied the interior of the country between th ...
* Bronze Age Italy
*Ancient peoples of Italy
This list of ancient peoples living in Italy summarises groupings existing before and during the Roman expansion and conquest of Italy. Many of the names are either scholarly inventions or exonyms assigned by the ancient writers of works in anc ...
Classical sources
*Livy
Titus Livius (; 59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy ( ), was a Roman historian. He wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, titled , covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome before the traditional founding in ...
, ''Ab Urbe Condita
''Ab urbe condita'' ( 'from the founding of the City'), or ''anno urbis conditae'' (; 'in the year since the city's founding'), abbreviated as AUC or AVC, expresses a date in years since 753 BC, the traditional founding of Rome. It is an ex ...
''
* Strabo
Strabo''Strabo'' (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of Pompey was called " Pompeius Strabo". A native of Sicily so clear-sighted that he could s ...
, Geographica
The ''Geographica'' (Ancient Greek: Γεωγραφικά ''Geōgraphiká''), or ''Geography'', is an encyclopedia of geographical knowledge, consisting of 17 'books', written in Greek and attributed to Strabo, an educated citizen of the Roman ...
, book 5
Sources
*G. Bandelli – E. Montanari Kokelj (a cura di), ''Carlo Marchesetti Carlo is a given name. It is an Italian form of Charles. It can refer to:
*Carlo (name)
*Monte Carlo
*Carlingford, New South Wales, a suburb in north-west Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
*A satirical song written by Dafydd Iwan about Prince Cha ...
e i castellieri, 1903-2003'', Atti del Convegno internazionale di Studi ( Castello di Duino, 14-15 novembre 2003), Editreg, Trieste 2005.
* Roberto Bosi, ''L'Italia prima dei Romani'', Milano 1989
* Gianna Buti e Giacomo Devoto, ''Preistoria e storia delle regioni d'Italia'', Firenze 1974
* Giacomo Devoto
Giacomo Devoto (19 July 1897 – 25 December 1974) was an Italian historical linguist and one of the greatest exponents of the twentieth century of the discipline. He was born in Genoa and died in Florence.
Career
In 1939 he founded with Bruno Mig ...
, ''La civiltà dei castellieri'', in ''Trentino-Alto Adige e Friuli-Venezia Giulia'', Ed. De Agostini, Novara 1979
* Ugo Di Martino, ''Le Civiltà dell'Italia antica'', Milano 1984
* Carlo Marchesetti Carlo is a given name. It is an Italian form of Charles. It can refer to:
*Carlo (name)
*Monte Carlo
*Carlingford, New South Wales, a suburb in north-west Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
*A satirical song written by Dafydd Iwan about Prince Cha ...
, ''I castellieri preistorici di Trieste e della regione Giulia'', Museo civico di Storia naturale, Trieste 1903.
* Aleksandar Stipčeviċ, ''Gli Illiri'', Milano 1966
* Autori vari, ''Storia di Roma'' Vol.I: ''Roma in Italia'', Einaudi, Torino 1988
* Autori vari, ''Popoli e civiltà dell'Italia antica'', Vol. I di Antonio M. Radmilli, Roma 1974
* Autori vari (T.C.I.) ''Friuli-Venezia Giulia'' ed. aggiornata, Roma 2005
Bronze Age cultures of Europe
Iron Age cultures of Europe
Archaeological cultures in Croatia
Archaeological cultures in Italy
Archaeological cultures in Slovenia