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is a Japanese multinational electronics manufacturing corporation headquartered in
Shibuya Shibuya ( 渋谷 区 ''Shibuya-ku'') is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. As a major commercial and finance center, it houses two of the busiest railway stations in the world, Shinjuku Station (southern half) and Shibuya Station. As of April 1 ...
,
Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 ...
, Japan. Its products include
calculator An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics. The first solid-state electronic calculator was created in the early 1960s. Pocket-sized ...
s,
mobile phone A mobile phone, cellular phone, cell phone, cellphone, handphone, hand phone or pocket phone, sometimes shortened to simply mobile, cell, or just phone, is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link whil ...
s,
digital camera A digital camera is a camera that captures photographs in digital memory. Most cameras produced today are digital, largely replacing those that capture images on photographic film. Digital cameras are now widely incorporated into mobile device ...
s,
electronic musical instrument An electronic musical instrument or electrophone is a musical instrument that produces sound using electronic circuitry. Such an instrument sounds by outputting an electrical, electronic or digital audio signal that ultimately is plugged into ...
s, and analogue and digital watches. It was founded in 1946, and in 1957 introduced the world's first entirely compact electronic calculator. It was an early digital camera innovator, and during the 1980s and 1990s, the company developed numerous affordable home electronic keyboards for musicians along with introducing the world's first mass-produced digital watches.


History

Casio was established as Kashio Seisakujo in April 1946 by Tadao Kashio ( 樫尾忠雄 1917–1993), an
engineer Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who invent, design, analyze, build and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while considering the l ...
specializing in fabrication technology. Kashio's first major product was the yubiwa pipe, a finger ring that would hold a
cigarette A cigarette is a narrow cylinder containing a combustible material, typically tobacco, that is rolled into thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end, causing it to smolder; the resulting smoke is orally inhaled via the opp ...
, allowing the wearer to
smoke Smoke is a suspension of airborne particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass. It is commonly an unwanted by-product ...
the cigarette down to its nub while also leaving the wearer's hands free. Japan was
impoverished Poverty is the state of having few material possessions or little immediately following
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, so cigarettes were valuable, and the invention was a success. After seeing the electric calculators at the first Business Show in Ginza, Tokyo in 1949, Kashio and his younger brothers (Toshio, Kazuo, and Yukio) used their profits from the yubiwa pipe to develop their calculators. Most of the calculators at that time worked using gears and could be operated by hand using a crank or using a motor (see
adding machine An adding machine is a class of mechanical calculator, usually specialized for bookkeeping calculations. In the United States, the earliest adding machines were usually built to read in dollars and cents. Adding machines were ubiquitous off ...
). Toshio possessed some knowledge of electronics and set out to make a calculator using
solenoid upright=1.20, An illustration of a solenoid upright=1.20, Magnetic field created by a seven-loop solenoid (cross-sectional view) described using field lines A solenoid () is a type of electromagnet formed by a helix, helical coil of wire whose ...
s. After dozens of prototypes were tested, the desk-sized calculator was finished in 1954 and was Japan's first electro-mechanical calculator. One of the central and more important innovations of the calculator was its adoption of the 10-key number pad; at that time other calculators were using a "full keypad", which meant that each place in the number (1s, 10s, 100s, etc ...) had nine keys. Another distinguishing innovation was the use of a single display window instead of the three display windows (one for each argument and one for the answer) used in other calculators. Casio Computer Co., Ltd. was formed in June 1957. That year, Casio released the Model 14-A, sold for 485,000
yen The is the official currency of Japan. It is the third-most traded currency in the foreign exchange market, after the United States dollar (US$) and the euro. It is also widely used as a third reserve currency after the US dollar and the e ...
, the world's first all-electric compact calculator, which was based on relay technology. In 1974, Casio released their first digital wristwatch, called the CASIOTRON. It was the first wristwatch in the world to include an automatic calender function. In 1977, they released a
retro-futuristic Retrofuturism (adjective ''retrofuturistic'' or ''retrofuture'') is a movement in the creative arts showing the influence of depictions of the future produced in an earlier era. If futurism is sometimes called a "science" bent on anticipatin ...
wristwatch, called the F100. The watch was one of the first wristwatches in the world to be made primarily out of
resin In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a solid or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers. Resins are usually mixtures of organic compounds. This article focuses on natu ...
, making it very light compared to other companies' heavy metal-made watches and enabling future Casio watches to enter
mass production Mass production, also known as flow production or continuous production, is the production of substantial amounts of standardized products in a constant flow, including and especially on assembly lines. Together with job production and batch ...
more easily. In 1989, Casio released another important wristwatch; the F-91W, the most sold wristwatch in the worldwith an annual producion of 3 million units. In the 1980s, Casio's budget electronic instruments and its line of affordable home electronic musical keyboard instruments became popular. The company also became well known for the wide variety and innovation of its
wristwatch A watch is a portable timepiece intended to be carried or worn by a person. It is designed to keep a consistent movement despite the motions caused by the person's activities. A wristwatch is designed to be worn around the wrist, attached by ...
es. It was one of the earliest manufacturers of
quartz watch Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical form ...
es, both digital and analog. It also began selling calculator watches during this time. Casio also introduced one of the first watches that could display the time in many different
time zone A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, Commerce, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between Country, countries and their Administrative division, subdivisions instead of ...
s of the world and with features like recording temperature, atmospheric-pressure and altitude. In the later years, Casio's wristwatches were fitted with receivers to synchronise with radio towers around the world and
Global Positioning System The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force. It is one of the global navigation satellite sy ...
for timekeeping accuracy. A number of notable digital camera innovations have also been made by Casio, including the QV-10, the first consumer digital camera with a
liquid-crystal display A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display A flat-panel display (FPD) is an electronic display used to display visual content such as text or images. It is present in consumer, medical, transportation, and industrial equipmen ...
(LCD) on the back (developed by a team led by Hiroyuki Suetaka in 1995), the first consumer three-megapixel camera, the first true ultra-compact model, and the first digital camera to incorporate ceramic lens technology, using
Lumicera Lumicera is a transparent ceramic developed by Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Murata Manufacturing first developed transparent polycrystalline ceramics in February 2001. This polycrystalline ceramic is a type of dielectric resonator material com ...
.


Controversies

In July 2019, the company's UK arm, Casio Electronics Co. Ltd, was fined £3.7 million after admitting
resale price maintenance Resale price maintenance (RPM) or, occasionally, retail price maintenance is the practice whereby a manufacturer and its distributors agree that the distributors will sell the manufacturer's product at certain prices (resale price maintenance), a ...
(a form of
price-fixing Price fixing is an anticompetitive agreement between participants on the same side in a market to buy or sell a product, service, or commodity only at a fixed price, or maintain the market conditions such that the price is maintained at a given ...
) on their line of digital keyboards and digital pianos between 2013 and 2018, in breach of the United Kingdom's
Competition Act 1998 The Competition Act 1998 is the current major source of competition law in the United Kingdom, along with the Enterprise Act 2002. The act provides an updated framework for identifying and dealing with restrictive business practices and abuse o ...
.


Products

Casio's products include
watch A watch is a portable timepiece intended to be carried or worn by a person. It is designed to keep a consistent movement despite the motions caused by the person's activities. A wristwatch is designed to be worn around the wrist, attached by ...
es,
calculator An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics. The first solid-state electronic calculator was created in the early 1960s. Pocket-sized ...
s,
electronic keyboard An electronic keyboard, portable keyboard, or digital keyboard is an electronic musical instrument, an electronic derivative of keyboard instruments. Electronic keyboards include synthesizers, digital pianos, stage pianos, electronic organs an ...
s and other digital products such as
digital camera A digital camera is a camera that captures photographs in digital memory. Most cameras produced today are digital, largely replacing those that capture images on photographic film. Digital cameras are now widely incorporated into mobile device ...
s (
Exilim Exilim is a brand of digital cameras introduced in 2002 by Casio. The Exilim Card series was notably thinner than other small digital cameras at the time of its introduction, typically 10–15 millimetres thick compared to other manufacturers' ...
series),
film camera A movie camera (also known as a film camera and cine-camera) is a type of photographic camera that rapidly takes a sequence of photographs, either on an image sensor or onto film stock, in order to produce a moving image to project onto a movie s ...
s,
cash register A cash register, sometimes called a till or automated money handling system, is a mechanical or electronic device for registering and calculating transactions at a point of sale. It is usually attached to a drawer for storing cash and other ...
s,
laptop A laptop, laptop computer, or notebook computer is a small, portable personal computer (PC) with a screen and alphanumeric keyboard. Laptops typically have a clam shell form factor with the screen mounted on the inside of the upper li ...
s and
sub-notebook Subnotebook, also called ultraportable, superportable, or mini notebook, was a marketing term for laptop computers that are smaller and lighter than a typical notebook-sized laptop. Types and sizes As typical laptop sizes have decreased over t ...
computers,
mobile phone A mobile phone, cellular phone, cell phone, cellphone, handphone, hand phone or pocket phone, sometimes shortened to simply mobile, cell, or just phone, is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link whil ...
s, PDAs (E-Data Bank),
electronic dictionaries An electronic dictionary is a dictionary whose data exists in digital form and can be accessed through a number of different media. Electronic dictionaries can be found in several forms, including software installed on tablet or desktop computers ...
, digital diaries (early PDAs),
electronic games An electronic game is a game that uses electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play. Video games are the most common form today, and for this reason the two terms are often used interchangeably. There are other common ...
,
computer printer In computing, a printer is a peripheral machine which makes a persistent representation of graphics or text, usually on paper. While most output is human-readable, bar code printers are an example of an expanded use for printers. Differ ...
s,
clock A clock or a timepiece is a device used to measure and indicate time. The clock is one of the oldest human inventions, meeting the need to measure intervals of time shorter than the natural units such as the day, the lunar month and the ...
s, and portable televisions. In the 1970s and 80s, Casio was best known for its electronic (including scientific) calculators, electronic musical instruments and affordable digital watches incorporating innovative technology. Today, Casio is most commonly known for making durable and reliable electronic products.Review
Casio:History
/ref> The
G-Shock The G-Shock is a line of watches manufactured by the Japanese electronics company Casio, designed to resist mechanical stress, shock and vibration. G-Shock is an abbreviation for ''Gravitational Shock''. The watches in the G-Shock line are desi ...
range of shock-resistant watches is also very popular, with the original 1983 G-Shock DW-5000C being highly sought-after by collectors. The scientific calculators made by Casio especially the CLASSWIZ series of calculators are known for being affordable while incorporating a host of functions as compared to their competitors. Casio also makes products for local markets, including "Prayer Compass" watch series designed to help Muslims pray on time and in the right direction.


Gallery

File:CASIO electronic dictionary EV-SP3900.jpg, Casio EV-SP3900
Electronic dictionary An electronic dictionary is a dictionary whose data exists in digital form and can be accessed through a number of different media. Electronic dictionaries can be found in several forms, including software installed on tablet or desktop computers ...
File:Cassiopeia 26d06.jpg, Cassiopeia PDA File:QV-10.jpg, QV-10
Digital camera A digital camera is a camera that captures photographs in digital memory. Most cameras produced today are digital, largely replacing those that capture images on photographic film. Digital cameras are now widely incorporated into mobile device ...
File:Casio EX-S600 front.jpg, EX-S600 Digital camera File:Au W31CA CASIO gif-anime1.gif, Au W31CA
Mobile phone A mobile phone, cellular phone, cell phone, cellphone, handphone, hand phone or pocket phone, sometimes shortened to simply mobile, cell, or just phone, is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link whil ...
File:Casio V.P.A.M. fx-570s.jpg, Casio V.P.A.M. fx-570S
Scientific calculator A scientific calculator is an electronic calculator, either desktop or handheld, designed to perform mathematical operations. They have completely replaced slide rules and are used in both educational and professional settings. In some are ...
File:Casio fx-102 (1976).jpg, Casio fx-102 (1976) File:Casio fx-570MS.jpg, Casio fx-570MS File:Casio calculator JF-120VB in 201804.jpg, Casio JF-120VB desk calculator File:Casio-fx115ES-5564.jpg, Casio fx-115ES
Scientific calculator A scientific calculator is an electronic calculator, either desktop or handheld, designed to perform mathematical operations. They have completely replaced slide rules and are used in both educational and professional settings. In some are ...
with Natural Display File:FC-100V.jpg, FC-100V financial calculator File:Casio fx-7000G FullLength.JPG, Casio fx-7000G, the world's first
graphing calculator A graphing calculator (also graphics calculator or graphic display calculator) is a handheld computer that is capable of plotting graphs, solving simultaneous equations, and performing other tasks with variables. Most popular graphing calcu ...
File:FR-2650T.jpg, FR-2650T calculator with printer for checkout File:CASIO NAME LAND KL-P7.JPG, NAME LAND KL-P7 File:Casio-FA11.jpg, PB-770 pocket computer, with FA-11 extension dock File:Casio Digital Diary SF-R20 open.JPG, SF-R20 Digital Diary (early PDA) File:Watch and calculator.jpg, TS-150 watch (left) and FX-991EX scientific calculator (right) File:Casio Sport outgear SGW-400HD-1BV.jpg, Casio Sport OutGear SGW-400HD-1BV File:Casio F-91W 5051.jpg,
Casio F-91W The Casio F-91W is a digital watch manufactured by Japanese electronics company Casio. Introduced in 1989 as a successor of the F-87W, it is popular for its low price and long battery life. As of 2011, annual production of the watch is 3 mi ...
Digital watch File:Casio wmp1 docking station.JPG, Casio WMP1 portable MP3 watch File:Casio G-Shock DW-5600E wristwatch.jpg, DW-5600E-1V A
G-Shock The G-Shock is a line of watches manufactured by the Japanese electronics company Casio, designed to resist mechanical stress, shock and vibration. G-Shock is an abbreviation for ''Gravitational Shock''. The watches in the G-Shock line are desi ...
watch with one of the first
electroluminescent Electroluminescence (EL) is an optical and electrical phenomenon, in which a material emits light in response to the passage of an electric current or to a strong electric field. This is distinct from black body light emission resulting from ...
backlights File:Casio EF-518.png, Casio Edifice EF-518 watch File:CASIO ATC-1100 (2058507659).jpg, Casio ATC-1100 Triple Sensor Watch File:Casio PRW-1000TJ 01.JPG, Pro Trek PRW-1000TJ Triple Sensor Watch in compass mode File:Twincept.jpg, Casio PRT-505 "TwinCept" watch File:Casio G-Shock Master of G Rangeman GW-9400J-1JF.jpg, Casio G-Shock GW9400 Rangeman watch with triple sensors and tough solar technology File:Casio Tough Solar Wave Ceptor.jpg, Casio Tough Solar "Wave Ceptor" watch File:Casio vl tone.jpg, VL-Tone VL-1 File:Casio SK-1.jpg, Sampletone SK-1 File:Casiotone 201.jpg,
Casiotone Casiotone was a series of home electronic keyboards made by Casio in the early 1980s. Casio promoted the Casiotone 201 (CT-201) as "the first electronic keyboard with full-size keys that anyone could afford". The name "Casiotone" disappeared from ...
201 File:Casio CZ-1.jpg, CZ-1 digital synthesizer File:Casio az1.jpg, AZ-1 keytar File:Casio PG-380 synth guitar.jpg, PG-380
MIDI Guitar A guitar synthesizer is any one of a number of musical instrument systems that allow a guitarist to access synthesizer capabilities. Overview Today's guitar synths are direct descendants of 1970s devices from manufacturers (often in partnersh ...
File:CASIO DH-800.jpg, DH-800 Digital Horn File:Casio CTK-496 keyboard.jpg, CTK-496 home keyboard File:Casio WK-200 details 1.jpg, WK-200 workstation keyboard File:Casio Privia PX-130.jpg,
Privia The Privia is a line of digital pianos and stage pianos manufactured by Casio. They have 4-layer stereo piano samples and up to 256 notes of polyphony, depending on model. All Privia models feature some kind of weighted keyboard action which sim ...
PX-130 digital piano File:Casio Celviano AP620.jpg, Casio Celviano AP-620 File:Casio fx-280 Scientific Calculator.jpg, Casio fx-280 Scientific Calculator File:Casio Privia PX-330.jpg, Casio Privia PX-330 File:Edifice ECB-800D-1A.jpg, Edifice ECB-800D-1A


See also

*
Casio graphic calculators Graphic calculators made by Casio include the touchscreen ClassPad 300 as well as the models with traditional buttons which can be divided into two main generations listed below. Casio produced the world's first graphing calculator, the fx-7000 ...
*
Seiko , commonly known as Seiko ( , ), is a Japanese maker of watches, clocks, electronic devices, semiconductors, jewelry, and optical products. Founded in 1881 by Kintarō Hattori in Tokyo, Seiko introduced one of the first quartz watches and the ...
* Timex *
Quartz crisis The quartz crisis was the upheaval in the watchmaking industry caused by the advent of quartz watches in the 1970s and early 1980s, that largely replaced mechanical watches around the world.


References


External links

*
Casio Worldwide
{{authority control Japanese companies established in 1957 1970s initial public offerings Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Computer companies established in 1957 Defense companies of Japan Electronic calculator companies Electronics companies established in 1957 Electronics companies of Japan Japanese brands Mobile phone manufacturers Audio equipment manufacturers of Japan Multinational companies headquartered in Japan Photography companies of Japan Piano manufacturing companies Point of sale companies Synthesizer manufacturing companies of Japan Watch brands Watch manufacturing companies of Japan Watchmaking conglomerates Wearable computers Musical instrument manufacturing companies of Japan