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''Cardiocondyla'' is an Old World
''Cardiocondyla'' is an Old World genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of ant
Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period. More than 13,800 of an estimated total of ...
s in the subfamily Myrmicinae.
Distribution
Approximately 70 species are currently recognized as belonging to this genus, most of which are distributed in the Old Worldtropics
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in
the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referr ...
and subtropics, but a few of which occur in the temperate zone. Some species are also found widely separated in North America and the Pacific Islands, as a result of human introduction.
Description
Several species of this genus have a striking male polymorphism, with both winged and wingless forms. These males differ not only inmorphology
Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to:
Disciplines
* Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts
* Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies ...
, but also in reproductive tactics. Closely related genera are '' Leptothorax'', '' Stereomyrmex'' and '' Romblonella''.
Outbreeding
''Cardiocondyla elegans'' worker ants transport young queen ants to alien nests to promote outbreeding.Vidal M, Königseder F, Giehr J, Schrempf A, Lucas C, Heinze J. Worker ants promote outbreeding by transporting young queens to alien nests. Commun Biol. 2021 May 3;4(1):515. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02016-1. PMID: 33941829; PMCID: PMC8093424 This allows avoidance ofinbreeding depression
Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness which has the potential to result from inbreeding (the breeding of related individuals). Biological fitness refers to an organism's ability to survive and perpetuate its genetic material. ...
. The worker ants, sisters of these queens, may transport the queens several meters from their natal nest and drop them off at another, alien nest to promote outbreeding with wingless stationary males in a process somewhat analogous to third party matchmaking in humans. After mating during the winter, the sexual females may depart in the spring and found their own colonies.
Species
*'' Cardiocondyla atalanta'' Forel, 1915 *'' Cardiocondyla batesii'' Forel, 1894 *'' Cardiocondyla bicoronata'' Seifert, 2003 *'' Cardiocondyla brachyceps'' Seifert, 2003 *'' Cardiocondyla breviscapa'' Seifert, 2003 *'' Cardiocondyla britteni'' Crawley, 1920 *'' Cardiocondyla bulgarica'' Forel, 1892 *'' Cardiocondyla carbonaria'' Forel, 1907 *'' Cardiocondyla cristata'' (Santschi, 1912) *'' Cardiocondyla elegans'' Emery, 1869 *'' Cardiocondyla emeryi'' Forel, 1881 *'' Cardiocondyla fajumensis'' Forel, 1913 *'' Cardiocondyla gallagheri'' Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 *'' Cardiocondyla gallilaeica'' Seifert, 2003 *'' Cardiocondyla gibbosa'' Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927 *'' Cardiocondyla goa'' Seifert, 2003 *'' Cardiocondyla humilis'' (Smith, 1858) *'' Cardiocondyla insutura'' Zhou, 2001 *'' Cardiocondyla israelica'' Seifert, 2003 *'' Cardiocondyla jacquemini'' Bernard, 1953 *'' Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi'' Terayama, 1999 *'' Cardiocondyla koshewnikovi'' Ruzsky, 1902 *'' Cardiocondyla kushanica'' Pisarski, 1967 *'' Cardiocondyla littoralis'' Seifert, 2003 *'' Cardiocondyla longiceps'' Seifert, 2003 *'' Cardiocondyla longinoda'' Rigato, 2002 *'' Cardiocondyla luciae'' Rigato, 2002 *'' Cardiocondyla mauritanica'' Forel, 1890 *'' Cardiocondyla melana'' Seifert, 2003 *'' Cardiocondyla minutior'' Forel, 1899 *'' Cardiocondyla monardi'' Santschi, 1930 *'' Cardiocondyla nana'' Seifert, 2003 *'' Cardiocondyla neferka'' Bolton, 1982 *'' Cardiocondyla nigra'' Forel, 1905 *'' Cardiocondyla nigrocerea'' Karavaiev, 1935 *'' Cardiocondyla nivalis'' Mann, 1919 *''Cardiocondyla nuda
''Cardiocondyla nuda'' is a species of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It is a widespread ant species, and not invasive in nature.
Subspecies
* ''Cardiocondyla nuda fajumensis'' Forel, 1913
* ''Cardiocondyla nuda nuda'' Mayr, 1866 - See below
...
'' (Mayr, 1866)
*''Cardiocondyla obscurior
''Cardiocondyla'' is an Old World genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae.
Distribution
Approximately 70 species are currently recognized as belonging to this genus, most of which are distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics, but a ...
'' Wheeler, 1929
*'' Cardiocondyla opaca'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla opistopsis'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla papuana'' (Reiskind, 1965)
*'' Cardiocondyla paradoxa'' Emery, 1897
*'' Cardiocondyla paranuda'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla parvinoda'' Forel, 1902
*'' Cardiocondyla persiana'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla pirata'' Seifert & Frohschammer, 2013
*'' Cardiocondyla rugulosa'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla sahlbergi'' Forel, 1913
*'' Cardiocondyla sekhemka'' Bolton, 1982
*'' Cardiocondyla semirubra'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla shagrinata'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla shuckardi'' Forel, 1891
*'' Cardiocondyla sima'' Wheeler, 1935
*'' Cardiocondyla stambuloffii'' Forel, 1892
*'' Cardiocondyla strigifrons'' Viehmeyer, 1922
*'' Cardiocondyla tenuifrons'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla thoracica'' (Smith, 1859)
*'' Cardiocondyla tibetana'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla tiwarii'' Ghosh, Sheela & Kundu, 2005
*'' Cardiocondyla tjibodana'' Karavaiev, 1935
*'' Cardiocondyla ulianini'' Emery, 1889
*'' Cardiocondyla unicalis'' Seifert, 2003
*'' Cardiocondyla venustula'' Wheeler, 1908
*'' Cardiocondyla weserka'' Bolton, 1982
*'' Cardiocondyla wheeleri'' Viehmeyer, 1914
*'' Cardiocondyla wroughtonii'' (Forel, 1890)
*'' Cardiocondyla yemeni'' Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
*'' Cardiocondyla yoruba'' Rigato, 2002
*'' Cardiocondyla zoserka'' Bolton, 1982
References
* Emery, C. 1869: Enumerazione dei Formicidi che rinvengonsi nei contorni di Napoli. Annali dell'Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturalisti, (2)2: 1-26. *External links
* * Myrmicinae Ant genera Taxa named by Carlo Emery Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{myrmicinae-stub