The Campbell Archeological Site ( 23PM5), is an

archaeological site An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology an ...

in Southeastern

Missouri Missouri is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee ...

occupied by the Late Mississippian Period

Nodena phase The Nodena phase is an archaeological phase in eastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri of the Late Mississippian culture which dates from about 1400–1650 CE. The Nodena phase is known from a collection of villages along the Mississippi Ri ...

from 1350 to 1541 CE. The site features a large platform mound and village area, as well as several cemeteries. The site was excavated by amateur archaeologist Leo O. Anderson and Professor Carl Chapman from 1954 to 1968 and subsequently published the first material on the site in 1955. The site has yielded the largest number of Spanish artifacts of any prehistoric site in Southeastern Missouri. Finds at the site included glass

chevron bead Chevron beads are special glass beads; the first Sample (material), specimens of this type were created by glass bead makers in Venice and Murano, Italy, toward the end of the 14th century. They may also be referred to as ''rosetta,'' or star beads ...

s, a

Clarksdale bell Clarksdale may refer to some places in the United States: *Clarksdale, Illinois, unincorporated community in Christian County *Clarksdale, Indiana, unincorporated community in Brown County *Clarksdale, Mississippi, city in Coahoma County *Clarksdal ...

, iron knife fragments and part of a brass book binder. It was added to the

NRHP The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance or "great artistic v ...

on July 24, 1974 as NRIS number 74001086. Located on the southern corner of the junction of Old and New Franklin Ditches, just east of the city of Cooter,Chapman, Carl H., and Anderson, Leo O. "Campbell Site: A Late Mississippi Town Site and Cemetery in Southeast Missouri". ''Missouri Archaeologist'' 17.2-3 Whole Numbers (1955). the site has yielded prolific numbers of

quartz Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical form ...

pebbles and

stone tool A stone tool is, in the most general sense, any tool made either partially or entirely out of stone. Although stone tool-dependent societies and cultures still exist today, most stone tools are associated with prehistoric (particularly Stone Ag ...

s made of

flint Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone. Flint was widely used historically to make stone tools and start fir ...

. Projectile points from the site are largely of two types: basic triangles and a "

willow Willows, also called sallows and osiers, from the genus ''Salix'', comprise around 400 speciesMabberley, D.J. 1997. The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press #2: Cambridge. of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist s ...

-leaf" shape that has been found at the Nodena site and many similar sites to the south. Multiple cemeteries were found at the site; the first to be excavated was a small area just northeast of the main temple mound, at which eighteen skeletons were found. Grave goods were found with some burials, and bundle burial was also practiced. Mississippian culture pottery was the most abundant artifact found at the Campbell Site. The types identified as Bell Plan and Neeley's Ferry Plain made up 58% of the total

sherd In archaeology, a sherd, or more precisely, potsherd, is commonly a historic or prehistoric fragment of pottery, although the term is occasionally used to refer to fragments of stone and glass vessels, as well. Occasionally, a piece of broken p ...

s found on the surface. Bell Plain dominated with 38.9%, and Neeley's Ferry Plain composed 19.4%. The only other pottery types of numerical significance were Old Town Red and Kent Incised, representing a little more than 4% and 1% of the total respectively. Numerically insignificant types included Walls Engraved, Carson Red on Buff, and Hollywood White Filmed; Chapman and Anderson suggested that they were funerary wares only, since Walls Engraved and Carson Red on Buff types were found in the graves.

References

{{Protected areas of Missouri Nodena Phase Geography of Pemiscot County, Missouri Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri National Historic Landmarks in Missouri National Register of Historic Places in Pemiscot County, Missouri

See also

References