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Campamento ("camp", or "tent city") and población callampa ("mushroom town") are terms given in Chile to shanty towns. The term "mushroom town" refers to the speed in which these informal settlements sprung up between the 1960s and the 1980s, literally overnight. Nowadays, the term ''campamento'' has replaced "mushroom town".
According to the NGO Un Techo para Chile ("A roof for Chile"), a ''campamento'' is defined as a group of crude dwellings of more than eight families, lacking at least one of the following basic services: drinking water, electricity and
, CIS, Un Techo Para Chile. Department of Economy, University of Chile. December 2004.
Campamento ("camp", or "tent city") and población callampa ("mushroom town") are terms given in Chile to shanty towns. The term "mushroom town" refers to the speed in which these informal settlements sprung up between the 1960s and the 1980s, literally overnight. Nowadays, the term ''campamento'' has replaced "mushroom town".
Definition
According to the NGO Un Techo para Chile ("A roof for Chile"), a ''campamento'' is defined as a group of crude dwellings of more than eight families, lacking at least one of the following basic services: drinking water, electricity and wastewater treatment
Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environme ...
, and which are illegally residing on the land.El Mercado Laboral en Campamentos, CIS, Un Techo Para Chile. Department of Economy, University of Chile. December 2004.
Population
As of 2004, there were 531 ''campamentos'' in Chile. A total of 27,785 houses were home to 32,371 families in these shanty towns. It was estimated that 75% of that population was living below the national poverty line and 41% living underextreme poverty
Extreme poverty, deep poverty, abject poverty, absolute poverty, destitution, or penury, is the most severe type of poverty, defined by the United Nations (UN) as "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, includi ...
. According to figures released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development (MINVU), in 2011, there were 657 campamentos, in which 27,378 families lived and in 2018, there were 822 campamentos, where 46,423 families live.
Between 2010 and 2020, the total number of campamentos grew by 22%. The highest increases were seen in the cities of Antofagasta, Calama, Copiapó, Iquique-Alto Hospicio, La Serena, Valparaíso and Viña del Mar.
See also
*Squatting in Chile
Squatting in Chile is the occupation of unused land or derelict buildings without the permission of the owner. From the 1960s onwards, informal settlements known as callampas were permitted although there were also evictions such as the massacre ...
References
{{Squatting Society of Chile Populated places in Chile Human habitats Shanty towns in South America Slums in South America Buildings and structures in Santiago Types of administrative division Geography of Santiago, Chile Squatting