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Calf Creek Culture was a nomadic
Calf Creek Culture was a nomadic hunter-gatherer
A traditional hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living an ancestrally derived lifestyle in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local sources, especially edible wild plants but also insects, fungi, ...
people who lived in the southcentral region of North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
, especially in the area of what is today Oklahoma
Oklahoma (; Choctaw language, Choctaw: ; chr, ᎣᎧᎳᎰᎹ, ''Okalahoma'' ) is a U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the nor ...
and surrounding states, artifacts having been found in such places as Beard's Bluff Beard's Bluff is campground park in Arkansas managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on Millwood Lake, near Ashdown, Arkansas. Recreation available includes hiking along the beach, fishing, camping, picnicking and boating. The park has a wedd ...
, Arkansas and Sand Springs, Oklahoma. The Calf Creek culture was active during the early to middle Archaic period in the Americas, approximately 7,500 to 4,000 years ago.
The Calf Creek people were noted for their use of large, heat-treated flint spearheads.
The Calf Creek point was first named and described in an Arkansas amateur archaeological journal by Don Dickson in 1968, for examples found at Calf Creek cave in Searcy County Arkansas. The cave was named for a small, perennial stream that runs nearby.
In 2003, a 5,120±25-year-old bison
Bison are large bovines in the genus ''Bison'' (Greek: "wild ox" (bison)) within the tribe Bovini. Two extant and numerous extinct species are recognised.
Of the two surviving species, the American bison, ''B. bison'', found only in North Ame ...
skull was found on the banks of the Arkansas River by Kim Holt. This find was featured on the PBS show, History Detectives. The skull had a Calf Creek culture spearhead embedded just over the orbital of the right eye socket. The size of the spearhead, and the wound it inflicted further suggest that the Calf Creek also used atlatls.
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