A Caipira () is an ethnic group native to Paulistânia, cultural area in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

, the term "''caipira''", of origin in the

Paulista General language The Paulista General Language, also called Southern General Language and Austral Tupi, was a lingua franca and creole language formed in the 16th century, in the Captaincy of São Vicente. Today it is only of historical interest, as it has bee ...

, probably influenced by the terms "''kai'pira''", "''ka'apir''", "''ka'a pora''" or "''kopira''", from the

Tupi language Old Tupi, Ancient Tupi or Classical Tupi (also spelled as Tupí) is an extinct Tupian language which was spoken by the aboriginal Tupi people of Brazil, mostly those who inhabited coastal regions in South and Southeast Brazil. It belongs to ...

, originally designates, since Brazilian colonial times, the inhabitant of the countryside, the "bush cutter". The caipira reached, mainly, due to the cycle of bandeirism and tropeirism, populations of the former Captaincy of São Vicente (later Captaincy of São Paulo), which today are the states of Santa Catarina, Paraná,

São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the Ga ...

, Mato Grosso do Sul,

Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literally ...

Goiás Goiás () is a Brazilian state located in the Center-West region. Goiás borders the Federal District and the states of (from north clockwise) Tocantins, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso. The state capital is Goi ...

, Mato Grosso,

Tocantins Tocantins () is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is the newest state, formed in 1988 and encompassing what had formerly been the northern two-fifths of the state of Goiás. Tocantins covers and had an estimated population of 1,496,880 in 20 ...

, Rondônia and Rio Grande do Sul, as well as parts of south of

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state, such as

Paraty Paraty (or Parati, ) is a preserved Portuguese colonial (1500–1822) and Brazilian Imperial (1822–1889) municipality with a population of about 43,000. Indeed, the name "Paraty" originates from the local Guaianá Indians' Indigenous Tupi ...

, which was part of São Paulo until 1727 and parts of

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that were disputed with

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

. The term "caipira" is often used in Brazil in a pejorative,

ethnocentric Ethnocentrism in social science and anthropology—as well as in colloquial English discourse—means to apply one's own culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and people, instead o ...

and stereotyped way for inland populations, as in the book ''Urupês'' by Monteiro Lobato, where the caipira is portrayed as an "''old plague''", "''parasite

caboclo A caboclo () is a person of mixed Indigenous Brazilian and European ancestry, or, less commonly, a culturally assimilated or detribalized person of full Amerindian descent. In Brazil, a ''caboclo'' generally refers to this specific type of '' ...

''", "''parasite of the earth''", "''unimportant people''", " ''seminomadic''", "''unadaptable to civilization''", "''urumbeba''",Term used in the State of São Paulo, to designate a gullible person, easy to be deceived.'' etc.; As in the traditional Festas Junina, where people dress in simple countryside, generally stereotyped as representing the caipira.

Notes

References

* Cândido, Antônio. ''Os parceiros do Rio Bonito'' Sp, José Olympio, 1957. * Monteiro Lobato, José Bento de. ''Urupês'', Editora Monteiro Lobato e Cia., 1923. * Nepomuceno, Rosa., ''Música Caipira, da roça ao rodeio'', Editora 34, 1999. * Queiróz,Renato da Silva. ''Caipiras Negros no Vale do Ribeira'', Editora da USP, 1983 * Pires, Cornélio . ''Conversas ao pé do fogo'' – IMESP, edição fac-similar, 1984. Brazilian folklore Ethnic groups in Brazil Stereotypes of rural people {{Ethno-stub

See also

Notes

References