Cadrilater

Southern Dobruja, South Dobruja or Quadrilateral ( Bulgarian: Южна Добруджа, ''Yuzhna Dobrudzha'' or simply Добруджа, ''Dobrudzha''; ro, Dobrogea de Sud, or ) is an area of northeastern Bulgaria comprising Dobrich and Silistra provinces, part of the historical region of Dobruja. It has an area of 7,566 km² and a population of 358,000. It was a part of Romania ''de jure'' from 1913 to 1918 (''de facto'' from 1913 to 1916) and again from 1919 to 1940.

History

At the beginning of the modern era, Southern Dobruja had a mixed population of Bulgarians and Bulgarian Turks, Turks with several smaller minorities, including Gagauz people, Gagauz, Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria, Crimean Tatars and Romanians. In 1910, of the 282,007 inhabitants of Southern Dobruja, 134,355 (47.6%) were Bulgarians, 106,568 (37.8%) Turks, 12,192 (4.3%) Romani people, Roma, 11,718 (4.1%) Tatars, and 6,484 (2.4%) Romanians.

Southern Dobruja was part of the autonomous Principality of Bulgaria, Bulgarian principality from 1878 and part of the independent Bulgarian state from 1908 until Bulgaria's defeat in the Second Balkan War, when the region was ceded to Kingdom of Bulgaria, Romania under the Treaty of Bucharest, 1913, Treaty of Bucharest (1913).

In 1914, Romania demanded all landowners prove their property and surrender to the Romanian state one third of the land they claimed or pay an equivalent of its value. This was similar to the agrarian reforms in Romania which occurred the previous century, in which the landlords had to give up two-thirds of their land, which was then handed over to the peasants. In Southern Dobruja, many of the peasants who received the land were settlers, including tens of thousands of Aromanians from Macedonia (region), Macedonia, as well as Megleno-Romanians from the same place and Romanians from Wallachia, which led to claims that the reforms had a nationalist purpose.Theodore I. Geshkoff. ''Balkan Union: A Road to Peace in Southeastern Europe'', Columbia University Press, 1940, p. 57

On 7 September 1940, Southern Dobruja was restored to Bulgaria under the Treaty of Craiova. The treaty was followed by a mandatory Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania, population exchange: about 110,000 Romanians (almost 95% of whom settled there after 1913), Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians were forced to leave Southern Dobruja, whereas 77,000 Bulgarians had to leave Northern Dobruja. Only a few hundred Romanians and Aromanians are now left in the region.

Demographic history

:¹According to the 1926–1938 Romanian administrative division (counties of Durostor County, Durostor and Caliacra County, Caliacra), which included a part of today's Romania (chiefly the communes of Ostrov, Constanța, Ostrov and Lipnița, now part of Constanța County) and excluded a part of today's Bulgaria (parts of General Toshevo Municipality, General Toshevo and Krushari Municipality, Krushari municipalities)
:²Including persons counted as Vlachs in Bulgarian Census
:³Only includes persons who answered the optional question on ethnic identity. The total population was 309,151.

Administrative divisions

Between 1913 and 1940, during the Romanian rule, the region covered two counties: Durostor County, Durostor and Caliacra County, Caliacra. Nowadays, the territory of Southern Dobruja forms the provinces of Silistra and Dobrich.

See also

* Northern Dobruja
* Balchik Palace, summer palace residence of Queen Marie of Romania

References

{{Romanian historical regions

Dobruja, *
Geographical regions of Bulgaria