CSS-N-3

The Julang-1 (, also known as the JL-1; NATO reporting name CSS-N-3) was China's first generation nuclear submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). According to a US Department of Defense report in 2011, the operational status of the JL-1 was "questionable".

History

Research and development began in 1967 and detailed design in the early 1970s, with a first land launch 30 April 1982 and a sea launch from a Project 629A (Golf) class submarine on 12 October 1982. The general designer of the missile was Huang Weilu, and Chen Deren (, 1922 – 21 December 2007) served as his deputy. The missile was assembled at Factory 307 (now Nanjing Dawn Group [南京晨光集团]).

The JL-1 was deployed on Type 092 submarine, Xia class submarine in 1986. The Type 092 Xia class nuclear submarine has 12 launch tubes.

The JL-1 was initially tested and deployed on the PLAN's modified Golf-class submarine, Golf class SSB. The Golf has since been modified again for further testing of other missiles, such as the JL-2, which has test-launched multiple times with varying levels of success.

The DF-21 appears to be a land-based version of the JL-1. As of 2018, the JL-1 and its warheads are believed to have been retired and dismantled.

See also

* JL-2
* R-29 Vysota
* R-29RM Shtil
* R-29RMU Sineva
* R-29RMU2 Layner
* RSM-56 Bulava
* UGM-133 Trident II
* M45 (missile)
* M51 (missile)
* K Missile family
* KN-11, Pukkuksong-1
* R-39 Rif
* R-39M

References

* Norris, Robert, Burrows, Andrew, Fieldhouse, Richard "Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume V, British, French and Chinese Nuclear Weapons, San Francisco, Westview Press, 1994,
* Lewis, John Wilson and Xue Litai, "China's Strategic Seapower: The Politics of Force Modernization in the Nuclear Age," Stanford, 1994.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jl-1
Submarine-launched ballistic missiles of the People's Republic of China
Nuclear weapons of the People's Republic of China
1960s establishments in China
Military equipment introduced in the 1980s