Completely Fair Queuing (CFQ) is an I/O scheduler for the

Linux kernel The Linux kernel is a Free and open-source software, free and open source Unix-like kernel (operating system), kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and was soon adopted as the k ...

which was written in 2003 by Jens Axboe.

Description

CFQ places synchronous requests submitted by processes into a number of per-process queues and then allocates timeslices for each of the queues to access the disk. The length of the time slice and the number of requests a queue is allowed to submit depends on the I/O priority of the given process. Asynchronous requests for all processes are batched together in fewer queues, one per priority. While CFQ does not do explicit anticipatory I/O scheduling, it achieves the same effect of having good aggregate throughput for the system as a whole, by allowing a process queue to idle at the end of synchronous I/O thereby "anticipating" further close I/O from that process. It can be considered a natural extension of granting I/O time slices to a process.

History

Prior to the integration

In February 2003 Andrea Arcangeli put forward his idea for a Stochastic Fair Queueing I/O scheduler to Jens Axboe who then implemented it. Jens Axboe made improvements to his first implementation, calling the new version the Completely Fair Queueing scheduler, and produced a patch to apply it to the 2.5.60 development series kernel.

Kernel 2.6.6 (10 May 2004)

The CFQ I/O scheduler was first integrated into the mainline kernel as an optional I/O scheduler. It was possible to change the scheduler at boot time with the 'elevator' parameter to kernel.

Kernel 2.6.9 (19 October 2004)

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 used this I/O scheduler as the default even though it used a kernel based on a 2.6.9.

Kernel 2.6.10 (24 December 2004)

The second release of the CFQ scheduler dubbed CFQv2 is included in the 2.6.10, improvements include better responsiveness and the elimination of some starvation issues which were present in the earlier version. The scheduler now is also switchable at run time by modifying the /sys/block//queue/scheduler variable in the sysfs filesystem.

Kernel 2.6.13 (27 June 2005)

CFQ scheduler moved to a new time sliced design dubbed CFQv3. Among other things, it implement
ioprio_get(2)
an
ioprio_set(2)
which allows user to set per-process I/O priorities, usually usin
ionice(1)
command (although using nice(1) also modifies I/O priorities somewhat).

Kernel 2.6.18 (20 September 2006)

CFQ became the default scheduler, replacing the anticipatory scheduler.

Kernel 5.0 (3 March 2019)

CFQ has been removed. CFQ evolved into Budget Fair Queueing (BFQ).

References

Sources

Short detail about CFQ
(archived fro
here

Coming in 2.6.10

External links

Documentation of CFQ from the Linux source code
from RedHat's knowledge base {{DEFAULTSORT:Cfq Disk scheduling algorithms Linux kernel features Scheduling algorithms