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Cecil Day-Lewis (or Day Lewis; 27 April 1904 – 22 May 1972), often written as C. Day-Lewis, was an Irish-born British poet and
Poet Laureate A poet laureate (plural: poets laureate) is a poet officially appointed by a government or conferring institution, typically expected to compose poems for special events and occasions. Albertino Mussato of Padua and Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch ...
from 1968 until his death in 1972. He also wrote mystery stories under the pseudonym of Nicholas Blake. During World War II, Day-Lewis worked as a publications editor in the Ministry of Information for the U.K. government, and also served in the
Musbury Musbury is a village and civil parish in the East Devon district of Devon, England. It lies approximately away from Colyton and away from Axminster, the nearest towns. Musbury is served by the A358 road and lies on the route of the East Devo ...
branch of the
British Home Guard The Home Guard (initially Local Defence Volunteers or LDV) was an armed citizen militia supporting the British Army during the Second World War. Operational from 1940 to 1944, the Home Guard had 1.5 million local volunteers otherwise ineligible f ...
. He is the father of actor Sir
Daniel Day-Lewis Sir Daniel Michael Blake Day-Lewis (born 29 April 1957) is an English retired actor. Often described as one of the preeminent actors of his generation, he received numerous accolades throughout his career which spanned over four decades, incl ...
, and documentary filmmaker and television chef
Tamasin Day-Lewis Lydia Tamasin Day-Lewis (born 17 September 1953) is an English television chef and food critic, who has also published a dozen books about food, restaurants, recipes and places. She writes regularly for ''The Daily Telegraph'', '' Vanity Fair'', ...
.


Life and work

Day-Lewis was born in 1904 in Ballintubbert, Athy/
Stradbally Stradbally () is a town in County Laois, Ireland, located in the midlands of Ireland along the N80 road, a National Secondary Route, about from Portlaoise. It is a townland, a civil parish and historic barony. It is known for its "Steam Ra ...
border, Queen's County (now known as County Laois), Ireland. He was the son of Frank Day-Lewis, a
Church of Ireland The Church of Ireland ( ga, Eaglais na hÉireann, ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Kirk o Airlann, ) is a Christian church in Ireland and an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion. It is organised on an all-Ireland basis and is the secon ...
rector of that parish, and Kathleen Blake (née Squires; died 1906). Some of his family were from England (Hertfordshire and Canterbury). His father took the surname "Day-Lewis" as a combination of his own birth father's ("Day") and adoptive father's ("Lewis") surnames. In his autobiography ''The Buried Day'' (1960), Day-Lewis wrote, "As a writer I do not use the hyphen in my surname – a piece of inverted snobbery which has produced rather mixed results". After the death of his mother in 1906, when he was two years old, Cecil was brought up in London by his father, with the help of an aunt, spending summer holidays with relatives in County Wexford. He was educated at
Sherborne School (God and My Right) , established = 705 by Aldhelm, re-founded by King Edward VI 1550 , closed = , type = Public school Independent, boarding school , religion = Church of England , president = , chair_label = Chairman of the governors ...
and at
Wadham College, Oxford Wadham College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. It is located in the centre of Oxford, at the intersection of Broad Street and Parks Road. Wadham College was founded in 1610 by Dorothy W ...
. In Oxford, Day-Lewis became part of the circle gathered around
W. H. Auden Wystan Hugh Auden (; 21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973) was a British-American poet. Auden's poetry was noted for its stylistic and technical achievement, its engagement with politics, morals, love, and religion, and its variety in ...
and helped him to edit ''Oxford Poetry 1927''. His first collection of poems, ''Beechen Vigil'', appeared in 1925. In 1928, Day-Lewis married Constance Mary King, the daughter of a Sherborne teacher. Day-Lewis worked as a schoolmaster in three schools, including Larchfield School,
Helensburgh Helensburgh (; gd, Baile Eilidh) is an affluent coastal town on the north side of the Firth of Clyde in Scotland, situated at the mouth of the Gareloch. Historically in Dunbartonshire, it became part of Argyll and Bute following local gove ...
, Scotland (now
Lomond School Lomond School is an independent, co-educational, day and boarding school in Helensburgh, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. Lomond School is, currently, the only day and boarding school on the west coast of Scotland. It was formed from a merger in 1977 b ...
).Cecil Day-Lewis
 During the 1940s, he had a long and troubled love affair with the novelist
Rosamond Lehmann Rosamond Nina Lehmann (3 February 1901 – 12 March 1990) was an English novelist and translator. Her first novel, ''Dusty Answer'' (1927), was a ''succès de scandale''; she subsequently became established in the literary world and intimate ...
. His first marriage was dissolved in 1951, and he married actress
Jill Balcon Jill Angela Henriette Balcon (3 January 192518 July 2009) was a British actress. She was known for her work in film, television, radio and on stage. She made her film debut in ''Nicholas Nickleby'' (1947). She was the second wife of poet Cecil ...
, daughter of
Michael Balcon Sir Michael Elias Balcon (19 May 1896 – 17 October 1977) was an English film producer known for his leadership of Ealing Studios in West London from 1938 to 1955. Under his direction, the studio became one of the most important British fil ...
. Day-Lewis met Jill at a radio program in 1948 and began a relationship with her that year, despite being married to Mary. He continued simultaneous relationships with his married wife Mary who lived with their two sons in
Dorset Dorset ( ; archaically: Dorsetshire , ) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the unitary authority areas of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole and Dorset. Covering an area of , ...
, unmarried mistress Lehmann who lived in Oxfordshire, and Jill who was his latest love. Day-Lewis eventually broke with both his wife and his mistress in order to be with Jill. But he was no more faithful to Jill than he had been with Mary or Rosamond. Jill's father was deeply unhappy about the scandalous affair since Jill was named publicly as co-respondent in Day-Lewis' divorce. He disinherited Jill and cut off all relationship with her and Day-Lewis. During the Second World War, he worked as a publications editor in the Ministry of Information, an institution satirised by George Orwell in his dystopian ''
Nineteen Eighty-Four ''Nineteen Eighty-Four'' (also stylised as ''1984'') is a dystopian social science fiction novel and cautionary tale written by the English writer George Orwell. It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker & Warburg as Orwell's ninth and fina ...
'', but equally based on Orwell's experience of the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
. During the Second World War, his work was less influenced by Auden and he was developing a more traditional style of
lyricism Lyricism is a quality that expresses deep feelings or emotions in an inspired work of art. Often used to describe the capability of a Lyricist. Description Lyricism is when art is expressed in a beautiful or imaginative way, or when it has an ...
. Some critics believe that he reached his full stature as a poet in ''Word Over All'' (1943), when he finally distanced himself from Auden. After the war, he joined the publisher Chatto & Windus as a director and senior editor. In 1946, Day-Lewis was a lecturer at
Cambridge University The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209 and granted a royal charter by Henry III of England, Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the world' ...
, publishing his lectures in ''The Poetic Image'' (1947). Day-Lewis became a
Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the civil service. It was established o ...
in the
1950 Birthday Honours The King's Birthday Honours 1950 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the o ...
. He later taught poetry at
Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...
, where he was Professor of Poetry from 1951 to 1956. During 1962–1963, he was the Norton Professor at
Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...
. Day-Lewis was appointed Poet Laureate in 1968, in succession to
John Masefield John Edward Masefield (; 1 June 1878 – 12 May 1967) was an English poet and writer, and Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, Poet Laureate from 1930 until 1967. Among his best known works are the children's novels ''The Midnight Folk'' and ...
. Day-Lewis was chairman of the Arts Council Literature Panel, vice-president of the Royal Society of Literature, an Honorary Member of the
American Academy of Arts and Letters The American Academy of Arts and Letters is a 300-member honor society whose goal is to "foster, assist, and sustain excellence" in American literature, music, and art. Its fixed number membership is elected for lifetime appointments. Its headqu ...
, a Member of the Irish Academy of Letters and a Professor of Rhetoric at
Gresham College Gresham College is an institution of higher learning located at Barnard's Inn Hall off Holborn in Central London, England. It does not enroll students or award degrees. It was founded in 1596 under the will of Sir Thomas Gresham, and hosts ove ...
, London. Cecil Day-Lewis died from pancreatic cancer on 22 May 1972, aged 68, at
Lemmons Lemmons, also known as Gladsmuir and Gladsmuir House, was the home of novelists Kingsley Amis (1922–1995) and Elizabeth Jane Howard (1923–2014) on the south side of Hadley Common, Barnet, on the border of north London and Hertfordshire. ...
, the Hertfordshire home of
Kingsley Amis Sir Kingsley William Amis (16 April 1922 – 22 October 1995) was an English novelist, poet, critic, and teacher. He wrote more than 20 novels, six volumes of poetry, a memoir, short stories, radio and television scripts, and works of social a ...
and
Elizabeth Jane Howard Elizabeth Jane Howard, Lady Amis (26 March 1923 – 2 January 2014), was an English novelist, author of 12 novels including the best-selling series ''The'' ''Cazalet Chronicles''. Early life Howard's parents were timber-merchant Major David L ...
, where he and his family were staying. As a great admirer of Thomas Hardy, he arranged to be buried near the author's grave at St Michael's Church in Stinsford,
Dorset Dorset ( ; archaically: Dorsetshire , ) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the unitary authority areas of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole and Dorset. Covering an area of , ...
. Day-Lewis was the father of four children. His first two children, with Constance Mary King, were Sean Day-Lewis (3 August 1931–9 June 2022), a TV critic and writer, and Nicholas Day-Lewis, who became an engineer. His children with Balcon were
Tamasin Day-Lewis Lydia Tamasin Day-Lewis (born 17 September 1953) is an English television chef and food critic, who has also published a dozen books about food, restaurants, recipes and places. She writes regularly for ''The Daily Telegraph'', '' Vanity Fair'', ...
, a television chef and food critic, and
Daniel Day-Lewis Sir Daniel Michael Blake Day-Lewis (born 29 April 1957) is an English retired actor. Often described as one of the preeminent actors of his generation, he received numerous accolades throughout his career which spanned over four decades, incl ...
, who became an award-winning actor. Sean Day-Lewis wrote a biography of his father, ''C. Day-Lewis: An English Literary Life'' (1980). Daniel Day-Lewis donated his father's archive of poetry to the Bodleian Library.


Nicholas Blake

In 1935, Day-Lewis decided to increase his income from poetry by writing a detective novel, '' A Question of Proof'' under the pseudonym Nicholas Blake. He created Nigel Strangeways, an amateur investigator and
gentleman detective The gentleman detective, less commonly lady detective, is a type of fictional character. He (or she) has long been a staple of crime fiction, particularly in detective novels and short stories set in the United Kingdom in the Golden Age. The heroe ...
who, as the nephew of an Assistant Commissioner at Scotland Yard, has access to official crime investigations. He published nineteen further crime novels. (In the first Nigel Strangeways novel, the detective is modelled on
W. H. Auden Wystan Hugh Auden (; 21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973) was a British-American poet. Auden's poetry was noted for its stylistic and technical achievement, its engagement with politics, morals, love, and religion, and its variety in ...
, but Day-Lewis developed the character as a far less extravagant and more serious figure in later novels.) From the mid-1930s, Day-Lewis was able to earn his living by writing. Four of the Blake novels – '' A Tangled Web'', '' A Penknife in My Heart'', '' The Deadly Joker'', '' The Private Wound'' – do not feature Strangeways. '' Minute for Murder'' is set against the background of Day-Lewis's Second World War experiences in the Ministry of Information. ''Head of a Traveller'' features as a principal character a well-known poet, frustrated and suffering writer's block, whose best poetic days are long behind him. Readers and critics have speculated whether the author is describing himself or one of his colleagues, or has entirely invented the character.


Political views

In his youth and during the disruption and suffering of the Great Depression, Day-Lewis adopted communist views, becoming a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain from 1935 to 1938. His early poetry was marked by didacticism and a preoccupation with social themes.Day Lewis, C
Infoplease In 1937, he edited ''The Mind in Chains: Socialism and the Cultural Revolution''. In the introduction, he supported a popular front against a "Capitalism that has no further use for culture". He explains that the title refers to
Prometheus In Greek mythology, Prometheus (; , , possibly meaning " forethought")Smith"Prometheus". is a Titan god of fire. Prometheus is best known for defying the gods by stealing fire from them and giving it to humanity in the form of technology, kn ...
bound by his chains, quotes Shelley's preface to '' Prometheus Unbound'' and says the contributors believe that "the Promethean fire of enlightenment, which should be given for the benefit of mankind at large, is being used at present to stoke up the furnaces of private profit". The contributors were:
Rex Warner Rex Warner (9 March 1905 – 24 June 1986) was an English classicist, writer, and translator. He is now probably best remembered for ''The Aerodrome'' (1941).Chris Hopkins, ''English Fiction in the 1930s: Language, Genre, History'' Continuum Inte ...
,
Edward Upward Edward Falaise Upward, FRSL (9 September 1903 – 13 February 2009) was a British novelist and short story writer who, prior to his death, was believed to be the UK's oldest living author. Initially gaining recognition amongst the Auden Group as ...
,
Arthur Calder-Marshall Arthur Calder-Marshall (19 August 1908 – 17 April 1992) was an English novelist, essayist, critic, memoirist, and biographer. Life and career Calder-Marshall was born in El Misti, Woodcote Road, Wallington, Surrey, the son of Alice (Poole) ...
, Barbara Nixon, Anthony Blunt,
Alan Bush Alan Dudley Bush (22 December 1900 – 31 October 1995) was a British composer, pianist, conductor, teacher and political activist. A committed communist, his uncompromising political beliefs were often reflected in his music. He composed pro ...
,
Charles Madge Charles Henry Madge (10 October 1912 – 17 January 1996) was an English poet, journalist and sociologist, now most remembered as a founder of Mass-Observation. Philip Bounds, ''Orwell and Marxism: the political and cultural thinking of George ...
, Alistair Brown,
J.D. Bernal John Desmond Bernal (; 10 May 1901 – 15 September 1971) was an Irish scientist who pioneered the use of X-ray crystallography in molecular biology. He published extensively on the history of science. In addition, Bernal wrote popular book ...
, T.A. Jackson and Edgell Rickword. After the late 1930s, which were marked by the widespread purges, repression, and executions under
Josef Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
in the Soviet Union, Day-Lewis gradually became disillusioned with communism. In his autobiography, ''The Buried Day'' (1960), he renounces former communist views. His detective novel, '' The Sad Variety'' (1964), contains a scathing portrayal of doctrinaire communists, the Soviet Union's repression of the 1956 Hungarian uprising, and the ruthless tactics of Soviet intelligence agents.


Selected works


Poetry

* ''Transitional Poem'' (1929) * ''From Feathers to Iron'' (1931) * ''Collected Poems 1929–1933'' (1935) * ''A Time to Dance and Other Poems'' (1935) * ''Overtures to Death'' (1938) * ''Short Is the Time'' (1945) * ''Selected Poems'' (1951) * ''Collected Poems'' (1954) * ''Pegasus and Other Poems'' (1957) * ''The Gate, and Other Poems'' (1962) * ''The Whispering Roots and Other Poems'' (1970) * ''The Complete Poems of C. Day-Lewis'' (1992) * Editor (with
L. A. G. Strong Leonard Alfred George Strong (8 March 1896 – 17 August 1958) was a popular English novelist, critic, historian, and poet, and published under the name L. A. G. Strong. He served as a director of the publishers Methuen Ltd. from 1938 to 1958. ...
): ''A New Anthology of Modern Verse 1920–1940'' (1941) * Editor (with
John Lehmann Rudolf John Frederick Lehmann (2 June 1907 – 7 April 1987) was an English poet and man of letters. He founded the periodicals ''New Writing'' and '' The London Magazine'', and the publishing house of John Lehmann Limited. Biography Born i ...
): ''The Chatto Book of Modern Poetry 1915–1955'' (1956)


Essay collections

* ''A Hope for Poetry'' (1934) * ''Poetry for You'' (1944) * ''The Poetic Image'' (1947)


Translations

*
Virgil Publius Vergilius Maro (; traditional dates 15 October 7021 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( ) in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: th ...
's ''
Georgics The ''Georgics'' ( ; ) is a poem by Latin poet Virgil, likely published in 29 BCE. As the name suggests (from the Greek word , ''geōrgika'', i.e. "agricultural (things)") the subject of the poem is agriculture; but far from being an example ...
'' (1940)An extract from this, ''Orpheus and Eurydice'', appeared in '' The Queen's Book of the Red Cross''. *
Paul Valéry Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, mus ...
's ''Le Cimetière Marin'' (1946) *Virgil's ''
Aeneid The ''Aeneid'' ( ; la, Aenē̆is or ) is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who fled the fall of Troy and travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of th ...
'' (1952) *Virgil's ''
Eclogues The ''Eclogues'' (; ), also called the ''Bucolics'', is the first of the three major works of the Latin poet Virgil. Background Taking as his generic model the Greek bucolic poetry of Theocritus, Virgil created a Roman version partly by offer ...
'' (1963)


Novels written under his own name


Novels

* ''The Friendly Tree'' (1936) * ''Starting Point'' (1937) * ''Child of Misfortune'' (1939)


Novels for children

* Dick Willoughby (1933) * ''
The Otterbury Incident ''The Otterbury Incident'' is a novel for children by Cecil Day-Lewis first published in the UK in 1948 with illustrations by Edward Ardizzone, and in the USA in 1949. Day-Lewis's second and final children's book, the novel is an adapta ...
'' (1948)


Novels written as Nicholas Blake


Nigel Strangeways

* '' A Question of Proof'' (1935); First US edition by Harper and Brothers (1935) * ''Thou Shell of Death'' (1936; First US edition by Harper and Brothers published as ''Shell of Death'') (1936) * '' There's Trouble Brewing'' (1937) * '' The Beast Must Die'' (1938) adapted for the cinema by
Román Viñoly Barreto Román Viñoly Barreto (8 August 1914 – 20 August 1970) was a Uruguayan- Argentine film director. Biography Viñoly Barreto directed 28 feature films between 1947 and 1966 including '' The Black Vampire'', '' Paper Boats'', the 1954 film ...
in Argentina (1952) and by Claude Chabrol in France (1969), and in Britain in 2021 as The Beast Must Die (TV series). * ''The Smiler with the Knife'' (1939). Serialised ''
News Chronicle The ''News Chronicle'' was a British daily newspaper. Formed by the merger of '' The Daily News'' and the ''Daily Chronicle'' in 1930, it ceased publication on 17 October 1960,''Liberal Democrat News'' 15 October 2010, accessed 15 October 2010 be ...
'', 1939 * ''Malice in Wonderland'' (1940; also published as ''Murder with Malice.'' U.S. title: ''The Summer Camp Mystery'') * ''The Case of the Abominable Snowman'' (1941; also published as ''The Corpse in the Snowman'') * '' Minute for Murder'' (1947) * ''
Head of a Traveller ''Head of a Traveller'' is a 1949 detective novel by Cecil Day-Lewis, written under the pen name of Nicholas Blake. It is the ninth in a series of novels featuring the private detective Nigel Strangeways.Reilly p.135 Synopsis When a headless cor ...
'' (1949) * '' The Dreadful Hollow'' (1953) * '' The Whisper in the Gloom'' (1954; also published as ''Catch and Kill'') * '' End of Chapter'' (1957) * '' The Widow's Cruise'' (1959) * '' The Worm of Death'' (1961) * '' The Sad Variety'' (1964) * '' The Morning after Death'' (1966)


Non-series novels

* '' A Tangled Web'' (1956; also published as ''Death and Daisy Bland'') * '' A Penknife in My Heart'' (1958) * '' The Deadly Joker'' (1963) * '' The Private Wound'' (1968)


Short stories

* "A Slice of Bad Luck" (''
The Bystander ''The Bystander'' was a British weekly tabloid magazine that featured reviews, topical drawings, cartoons and short stories. Published from Fleet Street, it was established in 1903 by George Holt Thomas. Its first editor, William Comyns Beaum ...
'', 1 December 1935. Reprinted in ''Detection Medley'', ed. John Rhode utchinson, 1939 Also published as "The Assassin's Club".) * "Mr Prendergast and the Orange" (''Sunday Dispatch'', 27 March 1938. Reprinted in ''Bodies in the Library'', Volume 3, ed. Tony Medawar
020 020 is the national dialling code for London in the United Kingdom. All subscriber numbers within the area code consist of eight digits and it has capacity for approaching 100 million telephone numbers. The code is used at 170 telephone exch ...
Also published as "Conscience Money".) * "It Fell to Earth" (''
The Strand Magazine ''The Strand Magazine'' was a monthly British magazine founded by George Newnes, composed of short fiction and general interest articles. It was published in the United Kingdom from January 1891 to March 1950, running to 711 issues, though the ...
'', June 1944. Also published as "Long Shot".) * "The Snow Line" (''The Strand Magazine'', February 1949. Also published as "A Study in White" and "A Problem in White".) * "Sometimes the Blind See the Clearest" (''
Evening Standard The ''Evening Standard'', formerly ''The Standard'' (1827–1904), also known as the ''London Evening Standard'', is a local free daily newspaper in London, England, published Monday to Friday in tabloid format. In October 2009, after be ...
'', 18 March 1963. Also published as "Sometimes the Blind".)


Radio plays

* ''Calling James Braithwaite''. BBC Home Service, 20 and 22 July 1940. (Published in ''Bodies in the Library'', Volume 1, ed. Tony Medawar 018)


Autobiography

* ''The Buried Day''


Bibliography

*Sean Day-Lewis, ''Cecil Day-Lewis: An English Literary Life'' (1980)


See also

*List of Gresham Professors of Rhetoric


Notes


External links

* *
Day-Lewis' poem 'Newsreel' read over footage from 1930s Pathe newsreels''C. Day Lewis, A Revised Bibliography, 1929–39 and Index of MSS Locations with Introductory Notes''
by Nick Watson, (a 65-page booklet, Radged Press, 2003)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daylewis, Cecil 1904 births Irish people of English descent People from Stradbally People educated at Sherborne School Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford Harvard University faculty Academics of the University of Cambridge Oxford Professors of Poetry Professors of Gresham College British Poets Laureate Formalist poets Irish poets English mystery writers Members of the Detection Club Irish mystery writers Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Communist Party of Great Britain members 20th-century Irish novelists 20th-century Irish male writers Irish male novelists 20th-century English poets Irish male poets 1972 deaths Deaths from cancer in England Deaths from pancreatic cancer Burials in Dorset Translators of Virgil British Home Guard soldiers 20th-century pseudonymous writers Day-Lewis family